导读
农业、采矿和基础设施是秘中合作的重要领域。两国应将改善供应链和共同发展数字经济作为两国发展战略中的共同目标，为制定具体的落地计划提供目标指引
●“十四五”规划开启中国发展新阶段
●分享经验 深化多领域合作
●挖掘合作潜力 促经济复苏
“十四五”规划开启中国发展新阶段
中国今年通过的2021年-2025年第十四个五年规划为国家社会经济发展制定了雄伟的目标，该规划将对中国下一个十年及更长远的未来的发展起到关键作用。新规划的主要目标是站在新起点上乘势而上把中国建设成社会主义现代化国家，国家实力跻身世界领先之列，全球影响力不断提升。
十四五期间是中国重要的战略机遇窗口期，是新发展阶段下构建新发展格局的重要时期，同时政府还肩负着后疫情时期经济社会发展重回正轨的任务。十四五规划着重强调提升国内经济运行环境，推动科技创新，推进国家安全法治建设，为中国应对风险挑战创造空间。
在所有的中长期发展目标当中，最引人注目的是中国计划投入7%的GDP用于研发，大力发展数字经济。
十四五规划中构建“双循环”新发展格局有助于拉动内需和外贸，利用好国内国外两个市场。
此外，十四五规划还囊括了提升民生和发展质量的内容，对失业率、能源消耗、二氧化碳排放等指标做出了要求，均符合新发展阶段下中国实现高质量发展的愿景，吸引了国际上众多合作伙伴的关注。
随着中国迈入新发展阶段，越来越多的机遇和挑战接踵而至，中国不少产业需要与时俱进、提质升级，这为中国开展国际合作带来了新机遇。
分享经验 深化多领域合作
鉴于中国已是秘鲁第一大贸易伙伴和重要的外资来源国，两国在采矿、能源、基础设施、互联互通和金融等领域应加深合作。秘鲁可以从中国在发展数字经济、增值制造业和新型服务业方面的成功经验中受益。
秘鲁期待与中国分享在建设充满活力、创新性和竞争力的数字生态系统方面的成功经验，并开展合作。在海外开设研发中心、通过人才引进计划邀请秘鲁专家来华或成为两国开展互利互惠合作的新起点。
秘鲁的经济增长主要依靠私营部门，通过企业创新提高劳动生产率，进而激发市场活力。秘中两国双边贸易和跨国投资成果颇丰，中国在研发领域的经验值得秘鲁借鉴。在中方的投资支持下，秘鲁的发展计划将会实现既定目标，增值产品与服务将会更具吸引力。中方的经验分享也将助力秘鲁数字经济的发展。
秘中两国都希望推行绿色、高质量发展，未来两国可以在该领域共享成功实践经验，深化合作。为了实现高质量增长，两国应加大力度实现碳减排，降低单位GDP能耗。
秘中在农业领域的合作前景十分广阔。现阶段中国经济转型需要加深与全球经济的融合，弘扬自由贸易和稳定供应链是加强国际合作的重要条件。
秘鲁正加大力度生产高附加值产品，尤其是以超级食物（营养全面、热量低、有利于人体健康的天然有机食品）为代表的农产品。秘中两国应在此方面加强合作，促进经验、科技和成功实践的交流互鉴。
事实上，秘中在农业领域已建立良好的合作机制。利马的国际马铃薯中心以及位于北京的国际马铃薯亚太中心见证了秘中马铃薯科学种植技术合作所取得的成就。国际马铃薯中心培育的抗马铃薯枯萎病品种“合作88株型”在1996年到2015年期间为云南省农户带来了28-37亿美元的额外收入。近期，科学家们培育出了富含营养成分的马铃薯品种，又称“富化马铃薯”，这是两国农业合作的最新成果。
除了外贸，两国在投资领域的合作前景也很广阔。秘鲁的基础设施领域最近开始向中国投资商开放。中远海运在秘鲁钱凯码头价值高达30亿美元的投资项目及三峡集团对秘鲁最大水电公司LDS价值高达30多亿美元的股权收购项目便是例证。
现代秘鲁经济以农产品出口为导向，秘鲁农业以先进的耕地技术与农业创新为基础，秘鲁已实现农产品生产的多样化，产量快速提升，出口结构更加多样，出口额快速上升，不易存储的新鲜蔬菜水果也得以出口海外。
挖掘合作潜力 促经济复苏
秘鲁愿与中国一道加快后疫情时期的经济复苏。中国经济自身充满活力，也能通过为秘鲁创造就业岗位，帮助秘鲁减贫，从而助力秘鲁经济复苏增长。
去年疫情当头，中国政府、民间群体、中国企业向秘鲁捐赠了宝贵的医疗器械和医护用品，为秘鲁的抗疫行动做出了重要贡献。中国向秘鲁派遣的专家代表团分享了中国疫情防控的成功经验，在秘鲁抗疫工作中起到关键作用。
自2020年9月起，中国医药集团在秘鲁开展了新冠肺炎疫苗三期临床试验，为国药疫苗获批进入全球市场奠定了必要基础。
秘中在诸多领域有合作潜力，秘中关系是一个全方位的战略型合作伙伴关系。秘中双边贸易走势强劲，秘鲁的关键经济领域均存在中方投资，为其经济增长贡献巨大。疫情叠加第四次工业革命浪潮为数字经济发展创造了重要战略窗口期，两国在拓展深化双边关系、提质升级双边合作的同时，需重点关注数字经济。
秘鲁和中国之间的人文纽带紧密，许多秘鲁人与华人同族同宗，秘鲁有许多关系紧密的多民族华人后裔社区，秘中两国都从这种根深蒂固的特殊人文交流中受益颇多。许多在华深造的秘鲁人在掌握了新的科学技术理论知识并效力中国企业、获得了宝贵的实践经验后选择回到秘鲁，投入到秘鲁的经济建设中。
秘中两国应加强在关键技术领域和关键产业上的合作。秘鲁有望将自身打造为拉丁美洲基础设施和服务业的中心，中国可以通过加强两国企业界纽带、促进两国人文交流，助力秘鲁经济建设。
秘中双边关系紧密，两国应进一步拓宽合作渠道。科技研发是中国十四五规划的重点内容，秘鲁也十分重视科技研发。秘鲁欢迎中企赴秘开设公司、投资兴业，与秘鲁分享成功实践经验和技术。
农业、采矿和基础设施都是两国开展国际贸易的重要领域。两国应凝聚共识，开展新技术合作，为供应链提质升级，共同发展数字经济。两国应将改善供应链和共同发展数字经济作为两国发展战略中的共同目标，为制定具体的落地计划提供目标指引。
眼下新冠疫情仍未停息，中国是全球唯一实现了经济正增长的国家。随着中国经济不断对外开放，中国消费者对外国商品的需求也会持续扩大，这对秘鲁乃至整个世界而言无疑是利好消息。此外，中国提出的新发展阶段经济改革、统筹协调区域发展及“双循环”新发展格局已为后疫情时期的经济复苏和民生改善释放出积极信号。
今年秘鲁与中国将庆祝两国建立外交关系第50周年，即便受疫情冲击，两国合作的良好势头有增无减，在双边合作的框架下，两国合作将焕发出新的生命力。
两国未来发展蓝图关系到民生和经济改革创新，在这一方面，中国是毫无疑问的领军者，秘鲁希望与中国携手共进，深化互利共赢合作，共享发展成果。
编辑 | 张 梅
翻译 | 齐晓彤
设计 | 大 米
China
is set to achieve its bold goals yet with its recently approved 14th
Five-year plan (2021-2025) for national economic and social development,
which will have an impact for the next decade and beyond. The main
purpose of the new plan is to continue the journey to build a modern
socialist country with world-leading national strength and global
influence.
The
implementation of the plan for China constitutes a “critical period of
strategic opportunities” not only with the creation of new paradigms but
also due to the necessity of setting the track back again in the
post-pandemic era. The new plan put heavy emphasis on improving domestic
economic conditions, boosting technological innovation and national
security, while leaving sufficient room to cope with mounting risks and
challenges for China.
Among
its medium and long-term development goals, the most outstanding one is
the objective to invest an output of 7 % in research & development,
in order to create a fruitful environment for strengthening a digital
economy.
Another
important goal is the paradigm of dual circulation which will enable to
leverage the dual forces of domestic and global demand by developing
domestic capacity in China while pursuing trade exchanges among partners
in global markets.
In
addition, the plan stresses goals in other indicators such as
unemployment rate, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, in
line with a mission to improve Chinese people's livelihood and quality
of development. This high-quality model is the new development stage
that China is pursuing and attracts the attention of its partners.
The
various sectors of the Chinese economy are expected to upgrade and
change significantly as more challenges and opportunities arise. This
situation gives birth for fruitful cooperation among partners with
China.
Considering
that China is already Peru's largest trade partner and a key investor
in many sectors, particularly in mining, energy, infrastructure,
connectivity, and finance; Peru can benefit from the experience of China
in the development of a digital economy, value-added manufacture and
new services.
Peru
will look forward to share experiences and cooperate in dynamic,
innovate and competitive digital ecosystems. The establishment of
research & development centers overseas, and talent programs for
Peruvian experts in China could be an interesting and beneficial basis
for cooperation between both countries.
Peru
development is base in private sector investment and the strengthening
of our capabilities to build a dynamic economy with innovation and
productivity. China can offer its experience in research and development
while both countries share a fruitful trade exchange and strong
investments in Peru from Chinese companies. Peru´s development plan can
fulfill its goals with the help of Chinese investments in important
sectors and contribute to create value-added goods and services. Digital
economy can be promoted with the assistance of the experience of
Chinese partners.
Both
countries want to pursue their goals with a view set in a green
development which could be a future area of cooperation towards sharing
good practices and experiences. Decline in carbon emission and energy
consumption per unit of GDP are targets that can be taken into
consideration by partners to give birth to a high-quality economy.
Agricultural
cooperation is another key area that can be contributed with the best
assistance of Chinese partners. China pursues its goal of further
integration with global economy, where free trade and secure
supply-chains are the pillars for the development of strong
partnerships.
Peru
is a country that is pursuing an economic growth base in value-added
goods, where agricultural products such as super foods are the main
attractive. Peru and China can cooperate to exchange experiences,
technologies and good practices.
One good example of the latter is
the cooperation mechanism between Peru and China on the agricultural
sector. Through the International Potato Center (CIP), which is based in
Lima, and has its Asian office in Beijing, that has allowed Peru to
collaborated with China in the scientific management of potato crops. [A
CIP-bred late blight disease resistant potato variety, Cooperation 88,
has, between 1996 and 2015, brought an estimated USD 2.8–3.7 billion in
extra income to farmers and consumers in Yunnan province]. One of the
recent achievements is that scientists developed potato crops with high
nutritional content or what is called “biofortified potatoes”.
Nevertheless,
it is not just trade. There are also other opportunities for
investment. Peru has recently welcomed Chinese investments in Peru in
important infrastructure projects. For instance, Cosco Shipping in the
Chancay megaport (estimated value of the project: US $ 3,000 million)
and Three Gorges with the acquisition of Luz del Sur, one of the most
important electricity generators in Peru, whose investment was estimated
at more than US $ 3,000 million.
In
modern times, Peru has developed a strong export-oriented agricultural
industry based on new agrarian technologies and innovations. As a
result, we have experienced accelerated growth and diversification of
production and exports of goods such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
Peru
is eager to work with China in the post-pandemic economic recovery. The
dynamism of the Chinese economy will enhance our economy, particularly
to create jobs and alleviate poverty.
Last
year, the Chinese government, civil society, and Chinese companies have
made an invaluable contribution to Peru's medical response capacity
through donations of medical equipment and health instruments. In
addition, the arrival of a delegation of Chinese experts to Peru, who
shared their successful experience in controlling the epidemic within
China, was also important.
Since
September 2020, Sinopharm has been carrying out phase III clinical
trials in Peru for the development of the vaccine against COVID-19,
which are necessary for its approval at the international level.
Peru
and China cooperate in different areas. Our relationship is an integral
strategic partnership. Both partners have strong trade exchanges and
Chinese investments are well placed in Peru and contribute greatly to
its economic growth. The pandemic has created other opportunities and in
this century of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the digital economy
should be the objective of a strong and good partnership.
Peru
and China share people to people bonds, many Peruvians can trace their
ancestors to Chinese people in the past and we have a strong and
diversified descendant’s community. Both countries have benefitted from
these exchanges. Many Peruvians study in China to become talents in
science and new technologies contributing to Chinese companies and then
can go back to Peru.
In
order to improve our cooperation, key technologies and key sectors
could be strengthened. Peru can be a hub for Latin America
infrastructure and services. China can contribute to it with private
sectors ties and people to people bonds.
Both
countries have strong ties and can further explore avenues of
cooperation. Research and Development are key aspects of China’s
Five-year Plan that is also pursued by Peru. Chinese companies can
invest and create new companies in Peru with shared technology and new
practices.
Agriculture,
mining, infrastructure are key sectors for the trade exchange between
both countries but cooperation towards building upgraded supply chains
with new technologies and the cooperative work for a digital economy can
be objectives where both development plans can have a common roadmap.
Already
with the pandemic raging on, China was the world’s only major economy
to achieve growth. As the Chinese economy keeps opening up and expanding
its demand for foreign products there will be more business
opportunities for Peru and the world at large. Economic reforms,
coordinated regional development, and the “dual circulation” strategy
are already positive signs for the post-pandemic recovery and the
wellbeing of our citizens.
This
year, China and Peru will celebrate the 50th anniversary of diplomatic
relations and, despite the pandemic, cooperation will be boosted in the
framework of this celebration.
Summing
up, the new pathways are related to people and innovation, China is
leading the way, Peru can help and shared benefits can be obtained.
Editor | Zhang Mei
Design | Demi