Zambia and China Reaffirms Diplomatic and Bilateral Ties赞比亚—中国 扩大投资、贸易合作

⬆ H.E. Haikande Hichilema, President of the Republic of Zambia addressing Mining Investment Indaba in Cape Town, South Africa, May 2022.

ZAMBIA and China have reaffirmed to strengthen more practical cooperation aimed at becoming a benchmark for the Africa-China friendship and a model for the South-South cooperation.

On its part, China has invited more Zambian high-quality goods to enter the Chinese market. This is particularly strengthened following Zambia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, Stanley Kakubos recent visitation to China where he held high-level bilateral meeting with State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi in Tunxi, Anhui Province.

Mr. Wang welcomed Mr Kakubo, as the first foreign Minister of a sub-Saharan African country to visit China since the outbreak of the COVID-19 era. Speaking on behalf of the Chinese government, Mr. Wang said China is ready to work together with Zambia to consolidate practical cooperation in various areas, and strengthen communication and coordination.

He said China is ready to offer more support to Zambia in independently choosing a development path suited to its national conditions. Mr. Wang said China further wants to strengthen strategic communication between the two sides, deepen experience-sharing on state governance, and expand pragmatic cooperation in various fields.

Since last year, bilateral trade between China and Zambia has bucked the overall downward trend and enjoyed positive growth, and key projects have been put into operation continuously, Mr Wang said.

The two countries, he said, should make persistent efforts to strengthen cooperation in traditional fields such as mineral development, and expand cooperation in emerging fields such as modern agriculture, processing and manufacturing industries, and renewable energy.

More Zambian high-quality goods are welcome to enter the Chinese market, and China supports more Chinese enterprises to invest and do business in Zambia, so as to help Zambia’s independent economic development and industrialization process, he said.

Mr. Wang said China is confident that Zambia would create a sound business environment for Chinese enterprises.

He said China would continue to support Zambia’s economic and social development to the best of its capability provide COVID-19 vaccines according to Zambia’s needs, and strengthen cooperation in health care, people’s wellbeing and other fields.

This, he said, was because the Communist Party of China always bears in mind the interest of the world, and seeks happiness for the Chinese people and progress for human society.

In his submission, Mr Kakubo congratulated China on successful hosting the Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022, saying Zambia is happy that China has fulfilled its first centenary goal as scheduled and is embarking on a new journey of development.

Such a gesture, Mr Kakubo said had strengthened the determination and confidence of African countries to learn from China’s experience and get rid of poverty.

The friendship between Zambia and China boasts a long history, and the friendship forged by the successive generations of leaders of both countries is of benchmark significance, he said.

The Minister said Zambia would always appreciate China’s selfless help and the friendship of the Chinese people citing the fight against Coronavirus. The vaccines provided by China have helped the vaccination rate in Zambia jump from less than 3 percent to over 22 percent, he said.

He reaffirmed that Zambia is also ready to deepen the pragmatic cooperation between the two sides in various fields, implement key projects and advance follow-up projects.

Zambia, he said, expects China to expand investment and trade and would continue to provide a stable business environment and preferential tax policies for Chinese enterprises. Zambia offers great investment opportunities in many sectors including Agriculture and Agro-processing, Energy, Manufacturing, Mining and Minerals processing, Forestry, Aquaculture, Infrastructure Development, Tourism, Health and Education sector among others.  

He hailed China’s long-term contribution to the development of the African continent, as well as China’s efforts to uphold principles and champion justice in international affairs citing new measures for cooperation with Africa announced by Chinese President Xi Jinping.

Mr. Kakubo said Zambia is ready to work with China to safeguard internationally recognized principles such as respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all countries and non-interference in internal affairs.

⬆ The Victoria Falls – Livingstone City – Zambia

Investment and Trade Opportunities in the New Dawn Government 

Mining Sector and Mineral Resources

Copper was the basis of Zambia’s prosperity in the first decade of independence. In the decades that followed, the need for diversification was underscored by the fluctuation of world copper prices, the reduction of market demand due to the appearance of alternatives such as optical glass fibre, and the increased costs associated with the exhaustion of reserves in existing mining areas. Nevertheless, in the early 2000s, metalliferous ores and scrap remained the country’s most important export. Lead and zinc mining at Kabwe began in 1906, predating the large-scale mining of copper. Underground mining at Kabwe has practically ended, although reworking of mine dumps has prolonged activity at the mine.

Other minerals worked in Zambia include cobalt, gold, and silver, all of which occur in association with copper. Iron ore is found near Mumbwa. There is an increasing awareness of the value of Zambia’s gemstones. Zambia’s emerald deposits are among the world’s largest; the gem is mined near Luanshya and Ndola and cut and polished locally. Amethyst, aquamarine, and tourmaline are also mined. Large deposits of cosmetic-grade talc are found near Ndola and Lusaka. Limestone is widely found on the Copperbelt and in the Lusaka district and is quarried for stone, lime, and cement; associated with it are workable occurrences of marble.

Energy Sector

Hydropower represents Zambia’s richest energy source. Large rivers descending from the plateau into the rifted troughs of the Zambezi provide scope for hydropower development, and a major gorge on the middle Zambezi enabled it to be dammed to form Lake Kariba. The fi rst power station at Kariba was built on the south side of the river, but a 600-megawatt station on the Zambian side was completed in 1977, shortly after the completion of a 900-megawatt station in the Kafue Gorge, south of Lusaka.

Manufacturing sector

Manufacturing consistently accounted for about one-tenth of Zambia’s GDP from the 1990s into the early 2000s. The Copperbelt is the country’s industrial heart, the focus of mining and ancillary industries. Local people have worked the ores for many centuries, but commercial mining essentially dates back to the 1920s. The ores occur at depth in a synclinal structure so that deep-shaft mining is normal, although there has been some open-pit mining. Exhaustion of reserves and the increasing costs of mining led to the closure of the Kansanshi and Chambishi mines in the mid-1980s, and rationalization of operations in an attempt to contain costs has closed down some refining and ancillary plants.

There is much mining-related industrial activity on the Copperbelt, and a major downturn in mining activity would have severe repercussions for the area as a whole. The other major mining centre is at Kabwe, where the lead and zinc mine has been virtually exhausted. Mining elsewhere, with the exception of coal at Mambwe, is mainly small-scale.

Forestry Sector

Some 26,000 square miles (67,300 square km2) of Zambia are classified as forest reserves, although the greater part of the country is wooded but not protected in this way.

The main commercial timber areas are on the Copperbelt, where there have been plantings of exotic softwoods to supply the needs of the mining industry, and in the southwest, where there are extensive areas of Zambezi teak. A mill at Mulobezi, which supplies timber products, is linked to Livingstone by a light railway. A major concern is forest destruction due to demands for charcoal; in the towns, charcoal is the most popular cooking fuel. The government has supported attempts to introduce energy-efficient charcoal stoves.

Aquaculture Sector

Zambia has relatively rich fisheries based on its many lakes, swamps, and seasonally inundated floodplains. Of particular importance is the Luapula valley, which supplies the Copperbelt. Lake Tanganyika is famous for Nile perch and kapenta, a deep-feeding freshwater sardine caught at night using special lamps to direct its movements. Lusaka is supplied mainly from the Kafue Flats and the Lukanga Swamp. Of lesser importance is the fishery on the upper Zambezi. There has been a revival of fishing on Lake Kariba, interrupted by the conflict with Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) during the 1970s. Most fish is smoked before being trucked to market.

Guidelines for obtaining an Investment Licence

Anyone wishing to apply for an investment licence must submit the following documents：

• Completed formal application form from the Zambia Development Agency;
• Certified copy of certificate of Incorporation / Registration;
• Certified copy of certificate of share capital;
• Certified copy of a certificate of minimum share capital;
• Certified copy of an official list of shareholders and/or directors;
• Business plan and feasibility study;
• Verifiable evidence of project finance;
• Brief resumes / CVs for shareholders and/or directors;
• Non-refundable application processing fee of K1,280,000;

licence fee of K7, 670,000 (payable only upon collection of licence).

Any promoter seeking approval to establish an enterprise, under the Zambia Development Agency (ZDA) Act No. 11 of 2006, should include in their proposal, a clear and concise statement on how the enterprise, if approved is likely to contribute to the country’s economic growth and development.

The Investment Licence is valid for ten years from the date of issue.

The investor may apply for renewal of the investment licence before the date of its expires.

National Wildlife Parks

Zambia is commonly regarded as one of the most beautiful, friendly, diverse and unspoilt countries on the entire African continent. Aside from the majestic Victoria Falls, Zambia has more natural water resources than any other southern African country, including a myriad of other falls dotted across the country, not to mention the famous Zambezi River. The many National Parks offer great opportunities for observing Africa’s plains game and their attendant predators, whilst bustling urban areas offer a taste of eclectic Zambian culture.

Walking with Lions in Livingstone National Park
Zambia’s game reserves provide pristine sanctuary to a wide variety of wildlife, and boast some of the best game viewing opportunities in the world. From the North and South Parks on the hippo and croc-infested Luangwa River, to the wide expanse of the Lower Zambezi, the vast and little-explored Kafue.

About 30% of Zambia’s 752 614 square kilometers is reserved for wildlife. There are 20 national parks and 34 game management areas in the country. South Luangwa, Kafue and Lower Zambezi rank among the finest game parks in the world. Luambe, and Lukusuzi Liuwa Plain, West Lunga, Sioma Ngwezi, and Nyika Plateau have substantial wildlife but are still undeveloped.

Mosi-oa-Tunya, near Victoria Falls, is regarded as a Zoological park as it has a well managed population of antelope, elephants, giraffe and rhino, but does not have any predators. Isangano, Lavushi Manda, Lusenga Plain, and Mweru Wantipa have never had management or facilities and have little wildlife but are still worth a visit by intrepid explorers and birdlovers. The newest park to be proclaimed is Lusaka National Park, just outside the capital, which opened to the public in June 2015.

Spectacular Waterfalls
Zambia is one of the most water-rich countries in Africa and her many rivers cascade into fabulous displays of falling water as they wind over the undulating landscape.

The Victoria Falls – Livingstone City – Zambia
The most spectacular ais of course the not-to-be-missed Victoria Falls, but there are 17 other beautiful falls dotted around the country. Waterfall Tours are becoming a popular trip providing access to these out of the way delights as well as opportunities to see rural village life in Zambia.

The northern provinces of Zambia are very remote and uncommercialised. A two or three-week self-drive circuit from Lusaka is the only practical way to explore these off the beaten track areas of the country. The northern waterfalls are like finding the treasure chest from a secret map. Many of them have no tarred roads leading to them so it is quite an adventure locating them. The local villagers are always helpful and will tell you what they know about the traditional lore behind each waterfall, all of which are viewed as sacred places. Several operators offer tours around these areas and include visits to local villages to get a feel of authentic rural life in the beautiful unspoiled Zambian countryside.

Vast Lakes
Despite being landlocked, there can be few places in the world as blessed as Zambia when it comes to water resources. And the nation’s vast and beautiful lakes are as breath-taking as the mighty Zambezi River and Victoria Falls. Lake Tanganyika is the longest lake in the world, while Lake Kariba is Africa’s largest man-made dam and rapidly becoming Zambia’s very own French Riviera. For the more intrepid traveller, the tropical and wild Lake Mweru offers a fascinating glimpse of village life that lines the shores of this vast lake in the far north. Overall, they are well worth a visit.

The Kazungula Bridge on Zambia – Botswana Board

Spectacular Rich Rivers
Blessed with three major rivers, several substantial tributaries, and many smaller rivers, as well as vast natural lakes and the enormous Kariba dam, Zambia is one of the most water rich countries in Africa. The source of the Zambezi is in northwest Zambia and runs through the Barotse Floodplains until it forms the border with Zimbabwe. After providing power from Kariba Dam, it is joined by the Kafue River and later the Luangwa before heading out to the Indian Ocean. The Kafue and Luangwa Rivers are the life blood of the Kafue and Luangwa National Parks, teeming with hippos, crocodiles, waterbirds and plains game coming to drink. Many other rivers traverse the country with an abundance of delightful waterfalls.

Towns & Cities
Zambia is one of Africa’s most urbanised countries, with over 44% of the population living in its towns and cities. And as Zambia’s economy continues to grow (at one of the fastest rates in the developing world), it seems this trend will increase in years to come, with more and more poor rural dwellers moving to urban areas, many of which have already seen substantial development since the 1990s.

The capital Lusaka is at the core of this movement and has become one of Africa’s fastest growing cities. The steady increase of tourism throughout the country as a whole has brought further development and better tourist infrastructure to once small provincial towns like Livingstone and Chingola,as well as to commercial and industrial centres like Ndola and Kitwe.

赞比亚和中国已经重申将加强更务实的合作，让两国关系成为非中友谊的标杆和南南合作的典范。

就中国而言，中国已表示欢迎更多的赞比亚优质商品进入中国市场。赞比亚外交与国际合作部部长斯坦利·卡库博最近访问了中国，在安徽省屯溪与中国国务委员兼外交部长王毅举行了双边高层会晤，会晤时中方特别强调了要加强这方面的工作。

自2019年冠状病毒爆发以来，卡库博是撒哈拉以南非洲国家中第一位访问中国的外交部长，王毅部长对他的到访表示了欢迎。王毅代表中国政府表示，中国愿与赞比亚共同努力，巩固各领域的务实合作，加强沟通协调。

他说中国愿为赞比亚自主选择适合本国国情的发展道路提供更多支持。他还说，中国希望进一步加强双方的战略沟通，深化国家治理方面的经验交流，并且扩大各领域的务实合作。

王毅表示，自去年以来，中国与赞比亚的双边贸易已经扭转了整体下降的趋势，实现了正增长，而且重点项目也一直在投产运营。

他说，两国应再接再厉，加强在诸如矿产开发等传统领域的合作，并且扩大在现代农业、加工制造业、可再生能源等新兴领域的合作。

他还说，中国欢迎更多的赞比亚高质量的商品进入中国市场，同时也支持更多的中国企业前往赞比亚投资和经商，这样可以帮助赞比亚自主经济的发展和工业化进程。

王毅相信赞比亚会为中国企业创造良好的营商环境。

他说，中国会根据赞比亚的需要，竭尽所能为其提供冠状病毒疫苗，从而确保赞比亚的经济和社会发展；并且加强两国在医疗、民生和其他领域的合作。

王毅认为中国之所以这样做，是因为中国共产党始终在考虑世界各国的利益，不仅要为中国人民谋幸福，也要为人类社会谋进步。

卡库博在会晤时祝贺中国成功举办了2022年北京冬奥会，同时表示赞比亚对中国如期完成第一个百年目标并且开始新的发展历程感到高兴。

卡库博表示，中国的做法增强了非洲国家学习中国经验、摆脱贫困的决心和信心。

他说，赞比亚和中国的友谊源远流长，两国历代领导人缔造的友谊具有里程碑的意义。

他说，赞比亚将永远感谢中国在抗击冠状病毒方面给予的无私帮助和中国人民的友谊。中国提供的疫苗帮助赞比亚的疫苗接种率从不足3%跃升到22%以上。

他重申赞比亚愿深化双方在各个领域的务实合作，落实重点项目，并推进后续项目。

他说赞比亚希望中国扩大投资和贸易，同时也会继续为中国企业提供稳定的商业环境和优惠的税收政策。赞比亚在许多领域都具有巨大的投资机会，包括农业和农产品加工、能源、制造业、采矿和矿产加工、林业、水产养殖、基础设施开发、旅游、卫生和教育等行业。

他赞扬了中国长期以来对非洲大陆发展所做的贡献，以及中国在国际事务中坚持原则和维护正义的努力，并且引述了中国国家主席习近平宣布的与非洲合作的新举措。
卡库博表示，赞比亚愿与中方一道，维护尊重各国主权和领土完整、不干涉内政等国际公认的原则。

⬆ 赞比亚外长斯坦利·卡库博会见中国驻赞比亚大使杜晓晖（赞比亚驻华使馆供图）

新政府的投资和贸易机会

采矿业和矿产资源
铜是赞比亚独立后头十年繁荣的基础。但在接下来的几十年里，世界铜价的波动、光纤等替代品的出现导致市场需求减少以及现有矿区储量耗尽造成相关成本的增加都突显出多样化的必要性。不过，在21世纪初，金属矿石和废料仍然是赞比亚最重要的出口商品。卡布韦的铅和锌的开采始于1906年，早于铜的大规模开采。卡布韦的地下采矿实际上已经结束，只是对矿井废弃堆的改造延长了矿井的作业时间。

可以在赞比亚开采的其他矿物包括钴、金和银，所有这些矿物都与铜有关。蒙布瓦附近还发现了铁矿石。人们也越来越意识到赞比亚宝石的价值。赞比亚拥有世界上最大的翡翠矿藏；宝石在卢安什亚和恩多拉附近开采后，就地进行切割和抛光。赞比亚还可以开采到紫水晶、海蓝宝石和电气石。在恩多拉和卢萨卡附近发现了大量化妆品级的滑石粉。石灰岩广泛分布在铜带和卢萨卡地区，因此可以在这一带开采石头、石灰和水泥，并且建立可加工的大理石矿点。

能源领域
水电是赞比亚最丰富的能源来源。从高原流入赞比西裂谷的大型河流为水电开发提供了空间，而赞比西河中部的一个大峡谷有条件筑坝，形成了卡里巴水库。卡里巴的第一座发电站建于河流南侧，但赞比亚一侧的一座600兆瓦的发电站在1977年就完成建设，即卢萨卡以南的卡富埃峡谷的一座900兆瓦的发电站完工后不久。

制造业
从20世纪90年代到21世纪初，制造业一直占赞比亚国民生产总值的十分之一左右。铜带是赞比亚的工业中心，采矿和辅助工业则是其重点行业。当地人开采矿石已经有好几个世纪了，但商业开采基本上是从20世纪20年代才开始。矿石出现在倾斜构造的深处，因此深井开采是常见的，虽然也有一些露天开采。20世纪80年代中期，由于储量枯竭和采矿成本增加，导致坎桑什和谦比西铜矿关闭；同时为了控制成本，使产业经营合理化，一些炼油厂和辅助工厂也停业了。

铜带上有许多与采矿有关的工业活动，采矿业的大幅下滑对整个地区产生了极其严重的影响。另一个主要的采矿中心是卡布韦，但那里的铅锌矿也已近乎枯竭。除了曼布韦的煤炭外，其他地方的采矿大多是小规模的。

林业
赞比亚有约2.6万平方英里（6.73万平方公里）的土地被列为森林保护区，虽然其他大部分地区也树木繁茂，但没有得到这样的保护。

主要的商业木材区位于铜带，这里种植了外来的软木，以满足采矿业的需要；在西南部则是分布广泛的赞比西柚木。穆洛贝齐的一家工厂供应木材产品，它通过一条轻轨与利文斯敦相连。目前存在的一个主要问题是由于对木炭的需求而造成的森林破坏；在城镇里，木炭是最受欢迎的烹饪燃料。政府已经开始支持引进节能木炭炉的尝试。

水产养殖行业
赞比亚的许多湖泊、沼泽和季节性泛滥的洪泛平原使其渔业资源相对丰富。特别重要的是卢阿普拉山谷，它为铜带提供了水源。坦噶尼喀湖因尼罗河鲈鱼和卡彭塔鱼而闻名，卡彭塔鱼是一种深食淡水沙丁鱼，捕获时需要在夜间用特殊的灯来指挥它的活动。卢萨卡的供水主要来自卡富埃平原和卢坎加沼泽。赞比西河上游的渔业不很重要，但卡里巴湖的捕渔业已经复苏，上世纪70年代这里曾因与罗得西亚（现在的津巴布韦）发生冲突导致捕鱼不得不中断。大多数鱼在用卡车运到市场之前都已经过熏制处理。

⬆ 赞比亚国家公园的大象

获得投资许可证指南

任何希望申请投资许可证的人必须提交下列文件：

·填写赞比亚开发署提供的正式申请表；
·公司注册证书的复印件；
·股份资本证明书的复印件；
·最低股份证明书的复印件；
·股东和/或董事正式名单的复印件；
·商业计划书和可行性研究；
·项目融资的可验证证据；
·股东和/或董事的简历；
·不予退还的申请手续费1280000克瓦查；许可证费7670000克瓦查（仅在收到许可证后支付）。
·根据赞比亚发展署（ZDA）2006年通过的第11号法案，任何寻求批准设立企业的发起人都应在其提案中包括一份清晰、简洁的声明，阐述如果企业获得批准，会为赞比亚的经济增长和发展做出怎样的贡献。

投资许可证的有效期为自签发之日起十年。

投资者可以在投资许可证到期前申请续期。

赞比亚的旅游业

国家野生动物公园
赞比亚通常被认为是整个非洲大陆上最美丽、最友好、最多元和最未遭受破坏的国家之一。除了壮观的维多利亚瀑布，赞比亚的自然水资源比任何其他非洲南部国家都多，包括遍布全国的无数瀑布，更不用说著名的赞比西河了。许多国家公园为观察非洲平原上的猎物以及捕食它们的动物提供了绝佳的场所，而繁华的城区则可以供人们欣赏赞比亚兼收并蓄的文化。

赞比亚的野生动物保护区为各种野生动物提供了原始的保护区，也是世界上观赏野生动物最佳的选择。这其中包括河马和鳄鱼出没的卢安瓜河上的南北公园和位于赞比西河下游广袤地区的浩瀚但尚未勘察的卡富埃河。

在赞比亚752614平方公里的领土上，约有30%的面积是为野生动物保留的。全国有20个国家公园和34个野生动物管理区。南卢安瓜、卡富埃和赞比西河下游都属于世界上最好的狩猎公园。 Luambe、 Lukusuzi Liuwa Plain、West Lunga、Sioma Ngwezi和 Nyika Plateau也有大量的野生动物，但它们尚未开发。

维多利亚瀑布附近的 Mosi-oa-Tunya 被认为是一个动物公园，因为它拥有管理良好的羚羊、大象、长颈鹿和犀牛种群，但没有任何捕食动物。 Isangano、Lavushi Manda、Lusenga Plain和 Mweru Wantipa虽然没有任何管理措施和设施，野生动物也很少，但仍值得勇敢的探险家和观鸟者参观。卢萨卡国家公园是最新公布的公园，它位于首都郊外，2015年6月开始对公众开放。

壮观的瀑布
赞比亚是非洲水资源最丰富的国家之一，由于地形蜿蜒起伏，许多河流形成了壮观的瀑布。

最壮观的当然是不容错过的维多利亚瀑布，但还有17个美丽的瀑布散布在全国各地。瀑布之旅正在成为一种流行的旅行方式，因为它既可以享受这种独特的乐趣，又能够有机会了解赞比亚的乡村生活。

赞比亚北部省份非常偏远，也没有实现商业化。从卢萨卡出发用两到三周的时间自驾游是探索这些偏僻地区唯一可行的方式。北方的瀑布就像从秘密地图上寻找百宝箱一样。它们中的许多都没有通柏油路，因此找到它们是一次相当冒险的经历。不过当地的村民总是乐于助人，他们会告诉你每个瀑布背后的传说，所有这些瀑布都被视为圣地。有几家运营商在这些地区提供旅游服务，包括参观当地村庄，感受美丽且未受破坏的赞比亚真实的乡村生活。

辽阔的湖泊
虽然地处内陆，但在水资源方面，世界上几乎没有什么地方能像赞比亚这样幸运。赞比亚广袤而美丽的湖泊与浩瀚的赞比西河和维多利亚瀑布一样令人叹为观止。坦噶尼喀湖是世界上最长的湖泊，而卡里巴湖是非洲最大的人工大坝，并且正在迅速发展成为赞比亚自己的法国里维埃拉。对于更勇敢的旅行者来说，热带和野生的姆韦鲁湖为他们提供了对乡村生活迷人的一瞥。姆韦鲁湖位于遥远的北方，大湖的沿线就是那些乡村。总之，它们都非常值得一看。

壮观富饶的河流
赞比亚拥有三条主要大河、几条重要支流和许多较小的河流，还有广阔的天然湖泊和巨大的卡里巴大坝，因此赞比亚是非洲水资源最丰富的国家之一。赞比西河发源于赞比亚西北部，流经巴罗泽河漫滩，直至与津巴布韦的边界。在为卡里巴大坝提供电力后，与卡富埃河和卢安瓜河汇合，然后流向印度洋。卡富埃河和卢安瓜河是卡富埃和卢安瓜国家公园的生命线，滋养了河马、鳄鱼、水鸟和平原猎物。许多其他河流横贯全国，包括大量令人欣喜的瀑布。

城镇
赞比亚是非洲城市化程度最高的国家之一，44%以上的人口居住在城镇。随着赞比亚经济的持续增长（其增长速度是发展中国家中最快的一个），这一趋势似乎在未来几年还会继续，越来越多贫困农村的居民将迁移到城市，其中许多城市自20世纪90年代以来已经有了实质性发展。

首都卢萨卡是迁移的核心，它现在已成为非洲发展最快的城市之一。全国旅游业的稳步发展已经使像利文斯敦和钦戈拉这些曾经的省级小城镇实现了进一步的发展和旅游基础设施的改善，同时也使恩多拉和基特韦成为了商业和工业中心。