Indonesia: Global Promising Land for Investment印度尼西亚：全球投资的希望之地

The new year always brings hope for change and growth. In 2023, the archipelagic country of Indonesia has come a far way in transforming its copious islands into the largest economy in the region of Southeast Asia. Last year, Indonesia was successful in hosting a yearlong global grandiose economic event as the Chair of the G20 Summit which focused on development and promotion of health architecture, digital transformation and energy transition. The event was wrapped up with the Summit Meeting conducted in Bali on 15 – 16 November 2022, where Indonesia’s President Joko Widodo stated that there were four solid results from the Summit and has benefited the world, and Indonesia, as follows:

•  First, Indonesia’s G20 Presidency resulted in the creation of a pandemic reserve where a pandemic fund of US$1.5 billion has been formed. The fund will be a catalyst to mobilize other funding for the health sector that comes from different sources. The G20 Joint Finance and Health Ministers Meeting pinpointed that the world needs more than US$10 billion per year to deal with the threat of a pandemic crisis in the future.

• Secondly, the establishment of a Resilience and Sustainability Trust (RST) by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) totaling US$81.6 billion to help countries that are vulnerable to crises.

• Thirdly, through the Bali summit, the United States and its allies agreed to raise US$20 billion through the Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) to support Indonesia’s energy transition program. The funds were generated by the G7+ led by the United States and Japan. In detail, US$10 billion came from the International Partner Group (IPG) and US$10 billion from the Glasgow Financial Alliance for Net Zero (GFANZ).

• Lastly, G20 member countries commitment to voluntarily reducing land degradation by up to 50 percent.

All G20 members during the Summit also adopted a Leaders’ Declaration. The declaration is a proof of the world’s trust in Indonesia’s leadership and manifestation of the success of Indonesia’s G20 Presidency. The declaration also contained on the G20 Annex on Action for Strong and Inclusive Recovery of G20 countries. These cooperations contain 226 multilateral cooperation projects and 140 bilateral cooperation projects, which are concrete deliverables from Indonesia’s G20 Presidency with a total of 140 projects worth around US$71.49 billion.

Hosting the G20 puts a recognizable face on that fact that Indonesia does have a robust and resilient economy, and of course, outstanding role in directing global economy towards inclusive and open economy for a better world. With this, Indonesia optimistically steps into the new year with the ambition for bigger economic achievement, regardless the threat of global recession looming over all the countries.

According to the World Bank release in December 2022, Indonesia is projected to experience a strong growth of 5.2 percent in 2022. The positive figure is attributed to the post-COVID-19 reopening of the economy and commodity price rises, with growth expected to be maintained on average at 4.9 percent over the medium term, year of 2023 to 2025. Indonesia’s economic conditions have remained stable amid global turbulence and shocks in 2022 in which inflation had picked up, reaching 5.7 percent year-on-year in October, and food prices increased by 7.9 percent year-on-year in September. However, Inflation is projected to peak in 2023 at 4.5 percent and is expected to remain at Bank Indonesia’s upper bound target at an average of 3.5 percent over 2024 and 2025.

 
⬆ With a total length of 142 kilometers and a maximum design speed of 350 kilometers per hour, the High-speed Railway connecting Jakarta and Bandung is China’s first full-system and all-element overseas construction project.

Indonesian Economic Overview in 2023

President Widodo underlined that global conditions are replete with uncertainty and difficult to predict in 2023, that is why Indonesia must remain cautious and vigilant without losing optimism. With respect to policymaking, fiscal-monetary synergy must be constantly strengthened to ensure that national economic policy provides enormous benefits to the people and the country in terms of fostering national economic resilience and revival. In other words, it is worth highlighting that optimism for the economic recovery must be strengthened while remaining vigilant of global spillovers and uncertainty, including the risk of stagflation (economic moderation and high inflation) and even resflation (economic recession and high inflation).  

Despite persistent global economic turmoil, the Indonesian economy remains resilient with a promising outlook. The Central Bank of Indonesia projects solid national economic growth in Indonesia in 2023 between the range of 4.5 – 5.3% and then in 2024 accelerating to 4.7 – 5.5%, strengthened by private consumption, investment and positive export performance against a backdrop of global economic moderation.

Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation is projected to track a downward trend and return to the 3% – 1% target in 2023 and 2.5% – 1% in 2024, with core inflation expected to return the target earlier, namely in the first half of 2023, in line with controlled imported inflation, a stable rupiah as well as a front-loaded, pre-emptive and forward-looking monetary policy response.

Synergy and innovation become the key to the economic outlook for Indonesia in 2023 and 2024, consequently maintaining economic resilience and revival. Meanwhile, digital economy and finance will continue to increase in 2023 and 2024, with the value of e-commerce transactions expected to reach IDR 572 trillion (eq. USD 36.8 billion) and IDR 689 trillion (eq. USD 44.4 billion) respectively, electronic money transactions totalling IDR 508 trillion (eq. USD 32.7 billion) and IDR 640 trillion (eq. USD 41.2 billion) and digital banking transactions predicted to exceed IDR 67 thousand trillion (eq. 4.32 trillion USD) and IDR 87 thousand trillion (eq. USD 5.6 trillion).

Potential sectors will continue to be encouraged so that investment realization can meet this year’s target. These sectors are notably the primary metal and value-added industries such as nickel and copper. The industries mentioned above have seen exponential growth over the past three years. Therefore, they will receive extra incentives and support to realize investments to keep the economic growth steady above 5% in 2023 and meet their goals.

Although the prediction for this year is that the global economy will experience a general slowdown, Indonesian Minister of Investment Bahlil Lahadalia showed his optimism that Indonesia can meet the target of IDR 1,400 trillion (eq. USD 92 billion) through joint efforts. It is a challenge to overcome by carrying out responsibilities with optimal efficiency.

Indonesia to Launch Investment Opportunity Map (PPI)

The government sets a target to reach national economic growth of 2023 to be 5.3%. This number is much higher than the global economy’s outlook which predicts the number will be around 2.2% to 2.7%. Apart from this, the government also plans to increase national food reserves by paying attention to the availability of various staple food commodities. Furthermore, Indonesia also plans to accelerate investment in developing health architecture, digital infrastructure, renewable energy plants, nickel smelting, electronic vehicles and battery in their upstream and downstream process.

By the end of 2022, the government through the Ministry of Investment/Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) has publicly released the Investment Opportunity Map (PPI) for strategic priority projects in 13 provinces. The PPI will focus on 22 profiles of sustainable investment projects spread across the 13 provinces of North Sumatra, South Sumatra, Riau Islands, West Java, Banten, East Java, West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara (NTB), East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), South Sulawesi, Gorontalo, and Maluku. The 22 investment project profiles included in the 2022 PPI, comprised 11 natural resources-based projects and 11 manufacturing industry-based projects with total investment value of IDR 37.32 trillion (eq. USD 2.47 billion).

On top of that, Minister Bahlil instructed the ministry to ensure a clear path for investors to Indonesia and highlighted that the PPI must become investment opportunity profiles in the regions that provide comprehensive and detailed pictures to potential investors. The PPI can be easily accessible online through a website and designated to be an instrument of the government’s presence in facilitating the entry of investment into Indonesia. The website is similar to that of a matchmaking agency in which interested parties could obtain a comprehensive information on the existing investment projects, contact the project owners directly and further discuss the details.

Minister Bahlil reiterated that through the PPI, the government will focus on developing New and Renewable Energy (NRE)-based industries that are environmentally friendly, so that the products would have competitive value in the global business. The government also offers investment in natural resources-based projects which include clusters in plantations, horticulture, food crops, livestock, fisheries, and energy.

Minister Bahlil added that projects based on the manufacturing industry comprised clusters of the chemical industry, miscellaneous industry, metal, machinery, transportation equipment, and electronics industry are also welcomed. The investment projects are expected to directly contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly for poverty alleviation, job creation, and economic growth, as well as for reducing economic inequality.

Indonesia’s New Capital City (IKN): Smart, Sustainable, Resilient

Besides the above-mentioned 22 investment projects, Indonesia is set to build the New Capital City of Indonesia (Ibu Kota Nusantara – IKN) which is planned to be inaugurated in August 2024 along with the celebration of Indonesia’s national day. The state capital is designed and expected to be a smart, sustainable, and resilient city. Technology, as an enabler of smart city development, will be utilized as a solution to tackle urban problems. For the well-being of societies, technological innovation will surely contribute to the development of a new model of social, economic, and environmental growth to make the capital city more modern and sustainable.

The development of IKN represents both the nation’s identity and a tremendous opportunity to boost economic development and modernize infrastructure. IKN development will serve as the backbone of Indonesian economy generation, as it provides social and economic benefits to society. The development of the modern city of IKN will enable competitive advantages in the global economy and contribute to Indonesia’s economic and social growth. The master plan of IKN, through 1 MPP (1 Map-1 Plan-1 Policy), reflects the latest state-of-the art technology, focusing on innovation and creating an ecosystem that is expected to improve citizens’ quality of life.  

IKN development also aims to produce a resilient and sustainable city by improving city services from transportation, energy, and water resources to waste disposal and health services. The establishment of the smart city of IKN can improve the city’s ability to use natural resources efficiently, make public transportation more attractive, and provide data to decision makers for the appropriate allocation of resources.

What makes IKN interesting is the fact that the three main principles for the development of IKN will be the combination of forest city, sponge city, and smart city concepts. In addition, Eight key performance indicators have been set up to achieve this development goal, as follows: building a city in tune with nature, easily accessed and connected, circular, resilient, safe, affordable, technologically friendly, and particularly, providing business opportunities for everyone.

The authority of IKN frequently stated that IKN is a green city with an area of 256,142 hectares, where 65% of the area is dedicated to tropical forest, 10% to parks and food production, and the rest as urban areas with various zones of mixed use and neighborhoods. The green city will make use of abundant renewable resources, from green energy to urban air mobility. This means that the city has the potential to be carbon neutral, absorbing more CO2 than it emits. A sustainable approach is important to ensure the fulfillment of future needs by maintaining the ongoing viability of resources. In this sense, the smart city of IKN will contribute to the formation of a high-quality, healthy, and regenerative built environment with an overall positive impact on all of IKN’s citizens’ lives.

The use of digital technology, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and various latest technology tools will serve as the city’s development and operational system. Technology development and innovation will play a significant role, not only in developing a smart city as one of the solutions to urban challenges but also in creating a new model of future digitally connected urban management that is economically feasible, socially desirable, and environmentally sustainable. This way, IKN will have autonomous and electric vehicles as one mode of public transportation, offering mobility-as-a-service to citizens.

Indonesia’s New Capital City (IKN): Latest Progress of Investment Development

IKN is expected to focus on innovation and entrepreneurial environments to cultivate growth and attract investment to boost economic performance, as well as to improve citizens’ quality of life. Regional development will be facilitated to represent the nation’s progress and to serve as a catalyst for building and spreading centers of productivity and economic activity. This way, IKN is open to everyone, such as investors, manufacturers, researchers, thinkers, and supporters of innovation, to develop city ecosystems that are green, inclusive, smart, resilient, and sustainable. It will be an inclusive global city for all.

In this regard, IKN is in need of investments in green technology, safer materials, and technological advances for utilizing renewable energy resources, building urban water systems and sustainable public infrastructure, and producing environmentally friendly products that will provide pathways through which technology will significantly contribute to sustainable IKN development.

The government then conducted a number of market sounding activities to attract investment for accelerating the development of a complete ecosystem in the Central Government Core Area (KIPP). It is reported that during the market sounding with Indonesian President conducted in early January 2023, land requests from the investors have reached 1,693 hectares or 44 times more than what it is offered.
Meanwhile, the ministry also noted that interest to invest in IKN is enormously increasing time by time in which a great deal of investors were constantly contacting the ministry. They are reportedly interested in investing in various sectors, including 15 investors interested in the education sector, 18 investors interested in infrastructure and utilities, 9 investors interested in mixed use and commercial, 9 investors interested in the housing sector, 6 investors interested in consulting services, 5 investors are interested in the health sector, 3 investors are interested in the private and state-owned office sector, 2 investors are interested in government offices, and 4 investors are interested in the technology sector.

Besides KIPP areas, the government also offers investment opportunities for tourism, economic center, education, and health center. In a nutshell, Indonesian President has given instruction to open investment opportunities extensively, so that many investors with wide range of sectors could join and IKN area could be built immediately.

Indonesia and China’s Economic Relations

In 2022, according to the date released by the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China (GACC) during the period of January–December 2022, total trade between Indonesia and China reached USD 149.08 billion in value. This figure is an increase of 19.76% from the same period of the previous year. China remains Indonesia’s biggest trading partner for years and Indonesia becomes China’s 12th biggest trading partner and ranks China’s third biggest trading partner among ASEAN countries.   

In trade, the food and energy sector have become important focus of Indonesia-China trade relations. China views Indonesia as an important contributor to its food security endeavors, while the latter views the former as a market for its agricultural products. This will increase in the coming years, especially with the recent decision by China to reopen itself for exports of porang from Indonesia, China’s commitment to buy 2.5 million tons of crude palm oil (CPO) and its derivatives from Indonesia and Indonesia’s decision to finally ratify the China-backed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).

Besides trade, according to Indonesia’s Ministry of Investment, China’s investment realization in Indonesia during January- December  2022 was recorded at USD 8.2 billion, increasing 156.25% from the same period of the previous year. With this increase, China’s investment is now in second place, behind Singapore.

In September 2021, Central Banks between Indonesia and China agreed to implement Settlement of Local Currency (LCS) Rupiah and RMB for settling bilateral transactions by business actors in Indonesia and in China using local currencies. In this case, Rupiah and RMB in the context of settlement of trade and direct investment transactions can only be done through Appointed Cross Currency Dealer (ACCD) Bank which are 14 Indonesian banks and 8 Chinese banks.

The growing business relations have led Indonesia and China to renew their Bilateral Currency Swap Arrangement (BCSA) on 21 January 2022 in which the exchange of local currencies can be done up to USD 38.8 billion equivalent to promote the use of RMB and Rupiah in both economic transaction either trade or investment.

Major cooperation between Indonesia and China includes Indonesia’s national top priority projects, such as the development of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway project and the “Two Countries Twin Parks” program, development of Kura Kura island in Bali as the center of R&D for information technology, an electric vehicle or lithium battery factory in Morowali, the Jatigede dam, the Medan-Kualanamu highway, the Kuala Tanjung port and so on. Further, both countries are signatories to the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). This reflects the highly synergized connectivity between the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Indonesia’s own connectivity concept called ‘Global Maritime Fulcrum’ (GMF).   

Last year, both countries’ ties have also been strengthened through various high-level exchanges. One of the highlights was Indonesian President’s visit to Beijing in July, which was the first visit of foreign leader since the Beijing Olympics early in the year. In the visit, both countries signed seven agreements such as on synergizing Indonesia’s Global Maritime Fulcrum (GMF) initiative and the Belt and Road Initiatives (BRI); on the development of vaccines and genomic ; on green development; on maritime cooperation; on the export of Indonesia’s pineapples; on information exchanges on customs violations; and on information technology and cybersecurity.

The reciprocal visit was also conducted by Chinese President’s visit to Bali, Indonesia for the G20 Summit, in which on the sidelines of this global economic majestic event, both leaders conducted bilateral meeting. The meeting also became another platform for Indonesia and China to strengthen their cooperation on which both sides signed an agreement on renewing Bilateral Economic and Trade Cooperation (BETC), which is the legal framework for future  Indonesia-China economic cooperation. Tapping into this event, both also signed other MoUs to align the GMF and the BRI; on the development of conservation, research and innovation on traditional medicines; on vocational training on industry; on digital economy; and on trade. Apart from that, both leaders also took the opportunity to witness the trial run of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed rail and shared their hope that the train could operate by June 2023.

Looking ahead, based on prevailing close and friendly relations, Indonesia-China’s ties will further grow to new heights. As China’s borders returned to normal and entered the post-pandemic era in the beginning of 2023, we can set an optimistic high hope that the relations on various sectors, especially in the investment and trade sectors will be significantly boosted in the following years.

新的一年总是带给人改变和发展的希望。2023年，群岛国家印度尼西亚在将其丰富的岛屿资源转变为东南亚地区最大的经济体方面取得长足的进步。去年，印度尼西亚作为二十国集团峰会的主席国成功地举办了一年一次的全球盛大的经济活动，会议重点聚焦发展和推广医疗卫生结构、数字化转型和能源转型。2022年11月15日至16日活动结束时，在巴厘岛举行了首脑会议，印度尼西亚总统佐科·维多多在会上表示，首脑会议取得了四项实实在在的成果，令世界和印度尼西亚都从中受益，它们是：

● 第一，印度尼西亚担任二十国集团主席国的结果是创立了流行病储备基金，而且15亿美元的资金已经形成。该基金将成为一个催化剂，可以助力医疗卫生部门调动来自不同渠道的其他资金。二十国集团财政和卫生部长联席会议指出，世界未来每年需要100多亿美元来应对流行病危机造成的威胁。
● 第二，国际货币基金组织设立了一个总额达816亿美元的弹性和可持续性信托基金，旨在帮助那些易受危机影响的国家。
● 第三，在巴厘岛峰会上，美国及其盟友同意通过公正能源转型伙伴关系筹集200亿美元，用于支持印度尼西亚的能源转型计划。这笔资金是由美国和日本牵头的G7+提供的。具体而言，其中的100亿美元来自国际伙伴集团，另100亿美元则来自格拉斯哥净零金融联盟。
● 第四，二十国集团成员国承诺自愿将土地退化减少50%。

峰会期间，所有G20成员国还通过了领导人宣言。该宣言证明了世界对印度尼西亚领导力的信任，也印证了印度尼西亚担任二十国集团主席国的成功。该宣言包括了关于二十国集团成员国家强有力和包容性复苏行动的附件。这些合作包括226个多边合作项目和140个双边合作项目，它们中共有140个项目是印度尼西亚担任二十国集团主席国的具体成果，价值达714.9亿美元。

主办二十国集团会议使印度尼西亚有机会呈现给世人一个公认的事实，那就是印度尼西亚的经济的确强大而有韧性，并且在为建设一个更美好的世界，引导全球经济走向包容和开放方面也发挥了显著的作用。带着这些成绩，印度尼西亚乐观地步入了新的一年，而且，尽管全球经济衰退的威胁笼罩着所有国家，但印度尼西亚对取得更大经济成就满怀雄心壮志。

根据世界银行2022年12月发布的数据，预计2022年印度尼西亚会实现5.2%的强劲增长。这一令人乐观的数字源于新冠疫情后经济的重新开放和商品价格的上涨。预计中期内，在2023年至2025年，平均增长率仍将保持在4.9%。面对2022年的全球动荡和冲击，印度尼西亚的经济状况保持稳定，期间通货膨胀率有所上升，10月份同比增长了5.7%，9月份食品价格同比增长了7.9%。不过，预计通货膨胀率将在2023年达到峰值，即4.5%，然后在2024年和2025年将保持在印度尼西亚央行的上限标准，平均为3.5%。

2023年印度尼西亚经济总览 

维多多总统强调，2023年全球形势充满不确定性，很难预测，这就是为什么印度尼西亚必须保持谨慎和警惕，但同时又要不失乐观。在政策制定方面，必须不断加强财政与货币的协同作用，确保国家的经济政策能够在提升国家经济韧性和振兴方面为人民和国家带来巨大利益。也就是说，需要强调的是，必须加强对经济复苏的乐观情绪，同时还要保持对全球溢出效应和不确定性的警惕，包括滞胀（经济放缓和高通胀）甚至退胀（经济衰退和高通胀）的风险。

尽管全球经济持续动荡，但印度尼西亚的经济仍具有韧性，前景看好。印度尼西亚中央银行预计，2023年印度尼西亚的国民经济将稳步增长，增幅在4.5%-5.3%之间，2024年将提升至4.7%-5.5%，在全球经济放缓的背景下，私人消费、投资和良好的出口业绩将助力这一增长。

消费者物价指数的通胀预期将呈下降趋势，并在2023年和2024年分别恢复至3%-1%和2.5%-1%的目标，预计核心通胀将在更早的时候，即2023年上半年达到目标，只要能与受控的输入通胀、稳定的印尼盾以及前置的、先发制人的并具有前瞻性的货币政策保持一致。

协同和创新是印度尼西亚2023年和2024年经济前景的重点，也是保持经济韧性和复苏的关键。与此同时，数字经济和金融将在2023年和2024年继续增长，预计电子商务的交易价值将分别达到572万亿印尼盾（折合368亿美元）和689万亿印尼盾（折合444亿美元）；电子货币交易总额分别为508万亿印尼盾（折合327亿美元）和640万亿印尼盾（折合412亿美元）；数字银行的交易额预计将超过6700万亿印尼盾（折合4.32万亿美元）和8700万亿印尼盾（折合5.6万亿美元）。

政府将继续鼓励发展有潜力的行业，旨在实现今年的投资目标。这些行业主要是初级金属和增值行业，比如镍和铜。它们在过去三年中呈指数级增长，因此，它们将得到更多的激励和支持，从而实现投资，并使2023年的经济增长稳定在5%以上。

尽管人们普遍预测今年全球经济将放缓，但印度尼西亚投资部长巴利·拉哈达利亚却表现得很乐观，他认为印度尼西亚可以通过共同努力实现1400万亿印尼盾（折合920亿美元）的目标。不过完成这一挑战需要尽职尽责和效率最大化。

 
⬆ 印度尼西亚苏门答腊的托巴湖和萨莫西尔岛的景色

印度尼西亚将推出投资机会图

政府设定的2023年国民经济的增长目标是5.3%。这一数字远高于对全球经济前景的预测，后者仅在2.2%至2.7%之间。而且，政府还计划通过关注各种主食商品的供应来增加国家粮食储备。此外，印度尼西亚计划在其上下游领域中增加对发展医疗卫生结构、数字基础设施、可再生能源工厂、镍冶炼以及电子车辆和电池的投资。

到2022年底，政府通过投资部和投资协调委员会已公开发布了13个省份的战略优先项目的投资机会图。投资机会图重点关注了分布在北苏门答腊、南苏门答腊、廖内岛、西爪哇、万丹岛、东爪哇、西加里曼丹、东加里曼丹、西努沙登加拉、东努沙登加拉、南苏拉威西、哥伦塔洛和马鲁古等13个省的22个可持续投资的项目概况。这22个投资项目包括11个基于自然资源的项目和11个基于制造业的项目，总投资价值为37.32万亿印尼盾（折合24.7亿美元）。

除此之外，巴利部长指示投资部要确保投资者前往印度尼西亚的投资之路畅通无阻，并强调投资机会图必须向潜在投资者提供投资机会简介和投资地区全面详细的图片。投资机会图可以通过网站很方便地在线访问，它就是政府为投资者进入印度尼西亚提供便利的一个工具。这个网站类似于一家中介机构，在该机构，感兴趣的投资方可以获得关于现有投资项目的全部信息，然后直接与项目所有者联系，并进一步讨论细节。

巴利部长强调，透过投资机会图，政府将重点发展基于新能源和可再生能源的环保产业，使产品在全球商业中具有竞争价值。政府也希望为基于自然资源的项目提供投资，这些项目包括种植园、园艺、粮食作物、牲畜、渔业和能源。

巴利部长补充说，包括化学工业、各种工业、金属、机械、运输设备和电子工业在内的基于制造业的项目在印度尼西亚也受到欢迎。预计这些投资项目将直接有助于实现印度尼西亚的可持续发展目标，特别是对扶贫、创造就业和经济增长，以及减少经济不平等会很有帮助。

印度尼西亚的新首都：智能、可持续、充满灵活性  

除了上面提到的22个投资项目外，印度尼西亚还将建设其新首都，它计划在2024年8月庆祝印度尼西亚国庆时建成。首都被设计并预计将成为一个智能、可持续和充满灵活性的城市。技术作为智能城市发展的推动者，将被用作应对城市问题的解决方案。为了社会的福祉，技术创新无疑将助力新的社会、经济和环境发展模式的形成，从而使首都变得更加现代化和可持续。

建设新首都既是国家身份的体现，也为促进经济发展和实现基础设施现代化创造了巨大机遇。新首都的建设也将成为印度尼西亚经济发展的支柱，因为它会为整个社会带来社会和经济利益。首都作为现代化城市的开发还将使其在全球经济中具有竞争优势，并有助于印度尼西亚的经济和社会发展。通过一张地图、一份计划和一个政策，新首都的总体规划体现了最新的技术水平，它将注重创新，并有望被打造成为一个能够改善居民生活质量的生态系统。

新首都的开发还旨在借助改善从交通、能源和水资源到废物处理和卫生服务的城市服务，建设一个充满灵活性和可持续的城市。首都作为智能城市的建设可以提高城市高效利用自然资源的能力，使公共交通更具吸引力，同时也为决策者提供了合理分配资源的数据。

新首都的有趣之处还在于，它的开发将森林城市、海绵城市和智能城市的概念作为三大原则结合在一起。为了实现开发目标，政府还提出了八项关键性能指标，即：建设一个与自然和谐的城市、交通便利且衔接顺畅、循环、灵活、安全、消费合理、技术友好，特别是能够为每个人提供商业机会。

新首都建设当局经常表示，新首都将是一个占地25.6142万公顷的绿色城市，其中65%的面积属于热带森林，10%的面积用于公园和食品生产，其余是城市区域，包括不同用途的区域和社区。绿色城市将利用丰富的可再生资源，从绿色能源到城市空气流动。这意味着这座新城很可能实现碳中和，吸收的二氧化碳多于排放。可持续对于通过保持资源的持续使用能力来保证满足未来的需求至关重要。从这个意义上讲，新首都作为智能城市将有助于构筑一个高质量、健康和可再生的建筑环境，对所有新首都居民的生活能够产生全方位的积极影响。

数字技术的使用，比如人工智能、物联网、大数据和各种最新技术工具，将为城市的发展和运营系统提供服务。技术开发和创新将发挥重要作用，它一方面体现在开发智能城市作为应对城市挑战的解决方案上，另一方面能够创造一种经济可行、社会接纳和环境可持续的未来数字化城市管理的新模式。新首都作为智能城市将使自动驾驶和电动汽车成为公共交通的一种方式，让市民感受到移动即服务。

印度尼西亚的新首都：投资发展的最新进展 

新首都将重点聚焦创新和创业环境，以促进增长和吸引投资，从而提升经济表现，并改善居民的生活质量。作为国家进步的体现它还将促进区域发展，并对建设和传播生产力和经济活动中心起到催化剂的作用。因此，新首都会对所有人开放，包括投资人、制造商、研究人员、思想家和创新支持者，希望通过他们发展绿色、包容、智能、灵活和可持续的城市生态系统。它将成为一个包容所有人的全球化城市。
要实现这一切，新首都需要绿色技术、更安全的材料和技术领先方面的投资，将其用于利用可再生能源、建设城市水系统和可持续的公共基础设施，以及生产环保型产品，而这些产品所使用的技术又将大大促进新首都的可持续发展。

政府已开展了一系列的市场营销活动，旨在吸引投资，加快中央政府核心区完整生态系统的开发。据报道，2023年1月初，在总统亲自参与的市场营销中，投资者提出的土地申请已达到1693公顷，比政府能提供的土地多出44倍。

与此同时，投资部还注意到，投资者对投资新首都的兴趣与日俱增，大量投资者不断与他们联系。投资者们对投资各个行业都表现出兴趣，其中15位投资者对投资教育产业有兴趣，18位对基础设施和公用事业感兴趣，9位对混合利用和广告业有兴趣，9位对房地产有兴趣，6位对咨询服务业有兴趣，5位对健康产业有兴趣，3位对私营和国有办公部门有兴趣，2位对政府办公部门有兴趣，还有4位对技术领域有兴趣。

除中央政府核心区外，政府也为旅游业、经济中心、教育和医疗卫生中心提供了投资机会。简言之，印度尼西亚总统已发出指示，要广泛开放投资机会，从而使更多行业的投资者能够加入，同时也能让新首都早日建成。

印度尼西亚与中国的经济关系 

2022年，根据中华人民共和国海关总署发布的2022年1月至12月期间的数据，印度尼西亚与中国之间的贸易总额达到1490.8亿美元。这一数字比上一年同期增长19.76%。中国多年来一直是印度尼西亚最大的贸易伙伴，而印度尼西亚也已成为中国第12大贸易伙伴，在东盟国家中排名第三。

在贸易方面，食品和能源行业已成为印度尼西亚与中国贸易关系的重点。中国认为印度尼西亚是其粮食安全的重要贡献者，而印度尼西亚则视中国为其农产品的市场。在未来几年，两国之间的贸易额还将增长，特别是在中国最近决定重新开放印度尼西亚棕榈油的出口后。中国承诺将从印度尼西亚购买250万吨的棕榈油及其衍生物。与此同时，印度尼西亚也最终决定批准中国支持的区域全面经济伙伴关系协定的生效。

除贸易外，根据印度尼西亚投资部的数据，2022年1-12月，中国在印度尼西亚的投资实现额是82亿美元，比上一年同期增长了156.25%。伴随着这一增长，中国现在对印度尼西亚的投资已位居第二，仅次于新加坡。

2021 年9月，印度尼西亚和中国的中央银行就使用本币结算达成一致，这样印度尼西亚和中国的商业参与者们在进行双边交易时可以使用当地的货币，即印尼盾和人民币，进行结算。在这种情况下，贸易结算和直接投资交易中的印尼盾和人民币需要通过指定的跨货币交易商银行进行，这样的银行在印度尼西亚有14家，在中国有8家。

不断发展的商业关系促使印度尼西亚和中国在2022年1月21日续签了双边货币互换协议，其中当地货币的兑换可达到388亿美元，这就等于鼓励在贸易和投资等经济活动中使用人民币和印尼盾。

印度尼西亚和中国之间的主要合作包括印度尼西亚的国家级优先项目，比如雅加达-万隆高速铁路项目和“两国双园”项目的开发、位于巴厘岛的作为信息技术研发中心的库拉岛的开发以及莫罗瓦利的电动汽车和锂电池工厂、贾蒂盖德大坝、棉兰-瓜拉纳穆高速公路和拉丹戎港口等的开发。此外，两国都是区域全面经济伙伴关系协定的签署国。这也体现了中国提出的“一带一路”倡议与印度尼西亚的“全球海上支点”的连通概念之间有着高度的协同效应。

去年，两国关系经由各种高层互访得到加强。其中的一大亮点是印度尼西亚总统7月对北京的访问，这是自年初北京冬奥会以来外国领导人的首次访问。访问期间，两国签署了七项协议，包括印度尼西亚“全球海洋支点”倡议和“一带一路”倡议的协同增效协议、关于疫苗和基因组的开发、绿色发展、海上合作、印度尼西亚的菠萝出口、关于海关违法行为的信息交流，以及信息技术和网络安全。

中国国家主席在参加巴厘岛举行的二十国集团峰会时也访问了印度尼西亚，而且两国领导人在这次全球经济盛会的间隙还举行了双边会谈。会谈成为印度尼西亚和中国加强合作的又一个平台，双方在会谈后签署了一项关于延长双边经贸合作的协议，这是未来印度尼西亚和中国经济合作的法律框架。与此同时，双方还签署了其他谅解备忘录，涉及到“全球海洋支点”倡议与“一带一路”倡议的协调、发展传统药物的保护、研究和创新、工业领域的职业技能培训、数字经济和贸易等。此外，两位领导人还借此机会见证了雅加达-万隆高铁的试运行，并表达了他们对该高铁能在2023年6月前运营的希望。

展望未来，在当前密切友好关系的基础上，印度尼西亚和中国的关系将进一步发展到新的高度。随着中国边境在2023年初恢复正常并进入后疫情时代，我们可以乐观地寄予希望，相信未来各领域，特别是投资和贸易领域的双边关系将得到更大程度的提升。