肯尼亚相信中国人勇敢、善良，并且极具力量、尊严和智慧，合作一定会令人满意
文I彼得·卡格万加（Prof. Peter Kagwanja） 肯尼亚非洲政策研究所所长 翻译I王晓波
● 中国的大礼包
● 拓展市场
● 旅游业和野生动物保护
● 加大与非洲的商业往来
● 能源开发
● 为劳动力提供住宅和保健
中国人与肯尼亚人的逐梦之路早在15世纪时就开始了。现在肯尼亚仍是一小部分中国人祖先的定居地，他们是最古老的非洲人。1963年12月14日，中国在内罗毕建立了大使馆，它是在肯尼亚建立使馆的第四个国家。1978年之后北京开始加强与肯尼亚的联系。丹尼尔·阿拉普·莫伊总统曾三次访华（1980年9月；1988年10月和1994年5月）；姆瓦伊·齐贝吉总统于2005年8月访华；乌胡鲁·肯雅塔总统也分别于2013年和2017年两次访问中国。2014年5月内罗毕也见证了中国总理李克强的到访，这次期盼已久的访问证明肯尼亚在中国对非洲的战略中已经处于非常重要的地位。
中国已经对非洲做出了明确的战略规划，这也成为其与肯尼亚发展经济关系的指导。但与非洲其他54个国家一样，肯尼亚尚未形成这样的战略布局。它所大肆宣扬的“向东看”政策是肯尼亚愿景2030的折衷体现。肯尼亚2030愿景是国家制定的从2008年到2030年的发展规划。2017年12月肯雅塔总统在执政党周年庆祝宣言中将其缩减为“四大发展目标”议程（即经济适用房、全民保健、提高制造业在经济发展中的比重和加强粮食安全）。不过肯尼亚人的梦想与中国梦在非洲议程2063战略框架内有许多契合之处，这一框架是非洲大陆未来50年社会经济转型的战略指引。
肯尼亚是通往东非地区的必经之地，同时也是该地区最大的经济体，拥有大批技能娴熟的劳动力，还是非洲外国人居住最多的国家之一。 因此它对中国的经济战略来讲仍然意义重大，因为中国要在非洲地区进行大量的投资，用于石油勘探、采矿和建设辅助性的基础设施，如输油管道、公路、铁路、电站和输电线路。中国已经成为非洲发展进程中最受欢迎的合作伙伴。2015年皮尤全球民意调查显示，70%的非洲受访者都对中国持非常积极的看法，而对欧洲持积极看法的只有41%；亚洲57%；拉丁美洲57%。肯尼亚正在与龙共舞，因为它相信人口众多的中国人勇敢、善良，并且极具力量、尊严和智慧，合作一定会令人满意。
中国的大礼包
过去二十年里，中国已经成为肯尼亚最大的贷款国和发展援助的主要来源。2013年在肯雅塔总统访问北京期间，中国与肯尼亚签署了价值50亿美元的交易。2015年，肯尼亚参加了在南非举行的中非合作论坛（FOCAC）峰会，习近平主席在峰会上承诺，到2018年年底前中国将向非洲投资600亿美元。2017年年底前，肯尼亚已经获得了来自中国的3616亿肯尼亚先令（相当于36.2亿美元）的资金援助，占到其对外贷款总额的19.4%。
拓展市场
肯尼亚与中国的贸易这些年来一直在增加。中国向肯尼亚的出口达到1.80576亿美元，但从肯尼亚的进口只有579.8万美元，主要是红茶、咖啡和皮革。
中国的投资主要是为了推动肯尼亚的工业化进程和促进制造业的发展。中国的投资者在肯尼亚的出口加工区（EPZ）启动了数十亿先令的产业园建设。两家中国企业在位于阿西里弗河边的中非孵化园投资了200亿先令。
2017年5月，中国武夷实业股份有限公司投资100亿先令（相当于1亿美元）建设了一个产业园，为其技术在当地的需求预先准备好生产基地。这项技术在肯尼亚投入使用后预计可使建筑成本下降15%。
中国还在肯尼亚从事勘探业务。早在2006年时，中国国家主席胡锦涛就与肯尼亚签署了一份石油勘探合同。一年后，国有金属制造集团金川集团成为了第一个进入肯尼亚矿产行业的中国公司。2007年4月它购买了Tiomin Kenyain 20%的股份。
中国还为非洲的中小企业（SMEs）的发展提供了特别贷款，重点侧重于茶叶生产、发电、农村电网和区域航空等领域。2017年，福田和它在肯尼亚的经销商佩温汽车公司签了一份谅解备忘录，由其负责销售中国生产的汽车。
2017年，中国超过欧洲和美国成为了肯尼亚最大的外商直接投资国，这一年它对肯尼亚的直接投资创下了历史纪录，而且2018年得益于良好的营商环境，投资额很可能会继续增大。
中国在肯尼亚涉足最广的是建筑业，在房地产领域的业务也一直在增加。介入最少的领域是咨询服务业，目前在非洲市场所占的份额仅3%。
旅游业和野生动物保护
旅游业是肯尼亚与中国经济往来的新兴行业，但一直在不断发展。中国商界巨头马云在2017年7月19日访问了肯尼亚，当时恰逢肯尼亚旅游局（KTB）启动为中国旅行社推出移动在线培训，旨在加强他们对肯尼亚旅游目的地的了解，同时激发中国游客赴肯尼亚旅游的兴趣。
目前中国游客的人数在肯尼亚位居第五。2017年一共有69000名中国游客来肯尼亚旅游。2014年4月，中国开始介入肯尼亚的野生动物保护，并提供了8.8亿先令的资金用于野生动物保护。2017年1月，中国正式禁止象牙加工和销售，大大加强了对野生动物的保护。
加大与非洲的商业往来
中国目前在非洲进行大规模投资，并重点聚焦基础设施建设，是为了响应习近平主席提出的一带一路（BRI）倡议，这一宏伟愿景旨在通过陆地和海上线路将中国与世界各地连接起来。自上世纪八十年代开始，肯尼亚就一直得益于中国对非洲基础设施项目提供的资金，特别是在发电、交通、信息和通信技术和水利项目领域。2014年5月，李克强总理与肯雅塔总统在内罗毕共同见证了17个投资数千亿先令的基础设施项目以及其它各种协议的签署。2017年，肯尼亚从中国获得了219亿先令（相当于2.91亿美元）的资金援助，用于基础设施建设和缓解旱情。
中国的建筑商们一直在肯尼亚修筑道路，包括国家的主要公路和外环路。2012年，三家中国公司，其中包括中国武夷，完成了超现代化八车道公路的扩建和连接内罗毕和锡卡的50公里长的锡卡公路。
2010年至2017年间，中国的建筑商们对内罗毕的外环路、内罗毕东侧路、内罗毕北侧路、朗加路扩展成双车道、内罗毕向外延伸路段的扩展、杰基亚—乌呼鲁公路和吉吉里公路都进行了升级改造。他们还完成了肯尼亚西部维希加县加姆波里—塞伦公路的修建。
四家中国公司——中国路桥有限公司（CRBC）、中国武夷、胜利工程建设集团和中国水电建设集团国际工程有限公司——一直在忙于将蒙巴萨和内罗毕与埃塞俄比亚和南苏丹连接起来的北部廊路工程的建设。2018年1月，中国武夷中标对肯尼亚西部布希姆巴—纳尔韦约—布拉马吉公路和布拉马吉—伊加亚萨—卡库米罗公路的升级改造，为此需要投入的资金达到142亿先令（相当于1.42亿美元）。
中国在非洲的铁路建设方面也有投资。2013年到2014年期间，肯尼亚、乌干达、卢旺达和南苏丹四国政府签署并批准了一份议定书，决定在北部走廊内修建一条大容量、高速度的标准轨距铁路（SGR），用于客货运输。每个国家都承诺负责修建自己国境内的铁路，使之最终成为非洲第一条宏伟的区域铁路项目，能够将蒙巴萨港连接到坎帕拉、基加利和朱巴。
肯尼亚负责整个铁路网中蒙巴萨到马拉巴这一段的修建。2014年肯尼亚与中国签署了价值3140亿先令的标准轨距铁路（SGR）的建设合同。从蒙巴萨到内罗毕的这一段已于2017年完工，实际耗资3800亿先令（相当于38亿美元）。
2017年5月30日，货运列车经调试后投入使用；2017年5月31日，第一列命名为“马达拉卡快车”的客运火车正式开通。开通运营一年后，每天往来于蒙巴萨和内罗毕的客运火车的乘客人数超过了2000人。这条新铁路线预计能使肯尼亚的国内生产总值增加1.5个百分点，并且带动相关产业的发展，增加肯尼亚的对外出口，同时创造不少于30000个就业机会。
标准轨线铁路二期工程分三个阶段进行，其中从内罗毕到奈瓦沙的这一段正在建设中；从奈瓦沙到基苏木一段即将开始铺设，包括在基苏木修建一个新的大容量的港口；从基苏木到马拉巴将是整个标准轨距铁路的最后一段。
中国对肯尼亚的信息通信技术设备也有资金援助和供应，主要是通过华为和中兴这两家电信设备企业。从2014年开始，烽火科技集团有限公司也一直在肯尼亚经营。最近它发布规划，将通过提供现代电信设备帮助肯尼亚实现数字化经济。此外，2018年中国传媒公司星时代在肯尼亚推出了卫星数字电视项目。
能源开发
中国对肯尼亚的最大一项投资是电力行业，投资额预计会超过53亿美元。2008年10月，肯尼亚把一份价值6500万美元的合同给了中国水电建设集团国际工程有限公司，责成其建造一个新的20兆瓦的水电站。位于肯尼亚西部的桑戈罗电厂已于2011年建设完成。
中国也一直在为肯尼亚的配电、项目的升级和加固以及奥尔卡里亚地热田的生产提供资金。它为东非地区提供了经济实惠的电池，目的是促进像太阳能和风能这样的绿色或可再生能源的使用。中国的瑞达电池有限公司与肯尼亚的Chloride Exide公司签署了协议，帮助其在肯尼亚推广可再生能源。
为劳动力提供住宅和保健
中国公司准备对肯尼亚政府提出的四大发展目标议程给予支持，其中一项就是为居民提供负担得起的住房。特威福陶瓷公司已经在卡贾多建了一个陶瓷厂生产地砖。这家工厂是东非地区最大的陶瓷厂，每天可以生产25000平方米的瓷砖，并且雇用了1500名当地的肯尼亚人。
中国武夷已经在位于阿西里弗河边的马查科斯县兴建了自己的工厂，用于预制建筑材料的生产。这个耗资100亿先令（相当于1亿美元）的工厂完全做好了在肯尼亚生产建筑材料的准备。在正式投入运营前，他们正在培训当地的技术工人掌握所需的技能。预制混凝土的年产量将达到50000立方米，足够20000套公寓房的需要，因为每套公寓大约在80到100平方米之间。
中国与肯尼亚经济关系中也包括帮助肯尼亚改善医疗条件。上世纪八十年代，中国就出资扩建了埃尔多雷特医院。2011年中国又出资兴建了疟疾防治中心和位于内罗毕的马马露西齐贝吉医院，它们已于2013年正式投入使用。北京还为医院提供了价值1.58亿先令（相当于1000万人民币）的医疗物资和设备。
2011年，中国提供了优惠贷款帮助肯尼亚大学、研究院和转诊医院等项目的建设，它们现在都已建设完成。2018到2022年期间，中国公司还将在肯尼亚的“四大发展目标”议程中的全民健康这一目标上发挥重要作用。不过目前中国在供水和卫生设施方面承诺的资金援助还相对较少，其实这是肯尼亚关乎健康的一个关键领域。
中国与肯尼亚经济合作的另一前沿领域就是粮食安全，这也是肯尼亚的四大发展目标之一。2017年4月初，北京宣布向肯尼亚捐赠21000公吨价值22.5亿先令（相当于2190万美元）的大米，它们分发给了23个县中处于饥荒状态的肯尼亚人。中国还参与了大坝的修建项目，不仅是为了水利发电，同时也是为了灌溉，这也是肯尼亚粮食安全倡议的一部分内容，它能够改善供水不足的现状。
中国与肯尼亚也会共同聚焦教育领域，关注人才建设和技能培训。上世纪八十年代时，肯尼亚就与中国在高等教育方面签署过一份合作协议。从1982年开始，中国一直在为埃格顿大学提供用于教学和研究的设备，并且派遣了两名教师去那里工作。每年中国还为至少10名肯尼亚学生提供来中国学习的奖学金，到2002年时，奖学金名额已经提高到58名。
2015年中非合作论坛峰会期间，中国在非洲的公司纷纷承诺要向非洲提供奖学金；举办技术、产业、职业和企业家人才培训；并资助非洲农村的小学。中国的公司一直在中国的相关机构培训肯尼亚的铁路技术人员。2018—2021年期间，华为公司将在信息和通信技术方面出资培训30名肯尼亚的年轻人。
中国路桥有限公司（CRBC）也在全额资助100名肯尼亚高中学生在中国的学习。北京交通大学在2016—2017年间也资助了60名学生。
毫无疑问，随着中国经济对外扩展的步伐越来越大，它对投资的安全性也越来越重视，这不仅是指在肯尼亚，也包括整个非洲地区。2011年它在吉布提建立的保障基地就是一个这方面的例证。（编辑：张梅）
英文版：
Riding the Dragon: China’s Expanding Development Footprintin Kenya
By Prof. Peter Kagwanja, Chief Executive of the Africa Policy Institute
The Chinese and Kenyan dreams met way back in the 15th century. Today, Kenya is home to a smallsettlement of people of Chinese ancestry,the oldest in Africa. China was the fourth country to open an embassy in Nairobi on 14 December 1963.
After 1978,Beijing began to foster stronger ties with Kenya.President Daniel ArapMoivisited Beijing thrice (in September 1980, October 1988 and May 1994); President MwaiKibaki once in August 2005; and President Uhuru Kenyatta twice in 2013 and 2017.Nairobi saw the Chinese Premier Li Keqiang’s visit in May 2014as the long-awaited “white smoke” that confirmed Kenya as a pivotal state in China’s African strategy.
China has developed a solid strategy on Africa, which governs its economic relations with Kenya. But Kenya, like Africa’s other 54 countries, has not developed such a strategy. Its much hyped “Look East” policy is an eclectic mélange of the Kenya Vision 2030, the country's development programme from 2008 to 2030 and the ruling party’s (Jubilee) Manifesto, recently abridged to the “Big Four” agenda (affordable housing, universal health coverage, increased share of manufacturing in the economy, and improved food security) that President Kenyatta unveiled in December 2017. But the Kenyan dream also meets the Chinese dream in theAfrican Agenda 2063, the continent’s strategic framework for the socio-economic transformation over the next 50 years.
Kenya is a gateway to Eastern Africa, has the largest economy in the region, a large pool of employable skills and one of the largest expatriate communities in Africa.It is, therefore, pivotal to China’s economic strategy, which required massive financial outlay in oil exploration, mines and supportive infrastructure such as pipelines, roads, railways, power plants and power transmission lines. China has become Africa’s most favoured development partner. A 2015 Pew Global Attitudes survey, showed that 70% of African respondents had a considerably more positive view of China than of Europe (41%), Asia (57%), or Latin America (57%).Kenya isriding the the dragon, believed to be bold and benevolent and to possess the qualities of great power, dignity, fertility, wisdom, auspiciousness.
The Dragon’s Gifts
Over the last two decades, China has become Kenya’s largest bilateral lender and main source of development assistance (loans and aid).During President Kenyatta’svisit to Beijing in 2013, China and Kenya signed deals worth US$5 billion.In 2015, Kenya attended the Forum on China-Africa Co-operation (FOCAC) Summit in South Africa where President Xi Jinping pledged to invest US$60 billion in Africa by the end of 2018. By the end of 2017, Kenya had received Sh361.6 billion ($3.62 billion) from China, amounting to 19.4 per cent of the country’s total external debt.
Expanding the Market
Kenya trade with China has grown over the years. China exported US$180.576 million to Kenya. However, China imported only US$5.798 million worth of Kenyan goods, mainly black tea, coffee, and leather.
China’s investment is spurring industrialization and manufacturing. Chinese investors launched a multi-billion-shilling industrial park in the Export Processing Zone (EPZ). Two Chinese companies are investing Sh20 billion in the Sino-African Incubation Park, which will be located in Athi River.
In May 2017, China Wu Yi injected Sh10 billion ($100 million) to set up an industrial park with a precast production base to supply local demand for the technology.Deployment of the technology in Kenya is expected to bring down the cost of construction by 15 per cent.
China is opening Kenya for mining. Early in 2006 Chinese President Hu Jintao signed an oil exploration contract with Kenya.A year later, the Jinchuan Group, a state-owned metal manufacturing group, became the first Chinese company to enter Kenya's mining sector, purchasing a 20% stake in Tiomin Kenyain April 2007.
China has also offered Special Loans for the Development of African small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Africa, focusing in the areas of tea production, power generation, rural power grids and regional aviation.In 2017, Foton and its Kenya-based distributor, Pewin Motors, signed a Memorandum of Understanding to distribute the Chinese-made cars.
In 2017, China surpassed Europe and America as the biggest source of foreign direct investment for Kenya.China’s foreign direct investment in the country reached an all-time high in 2017, and is likely to increase in 2018 due to favorable business climate.
China’s footprint is strongest in construction, is increasingly going into the real estate sector.It weakest in the area of consulting services, where their current share of the African market is a mere 3 percent.
Tourism and Wildlife Protection
Tourism is the newest and growing frontier in Kenya-China economic relations.Chinese business magnate, Jack Ma, visited Kenya July 19, 2017. The visit coincided with the launch of mobile online training for travel agents in China by the Kenya Tourism Board (KTB) to create top of mind destination awareness and spur interest for travel among the Chinese.
China ranks fifth in Kenya’s tourist sources. Atotal of 69,000 Chinese tourists visited the country in 2017.In April 2014, China stepped up its wildlife protection, providing Sh880 million for wildlife Conservation. On January 2017, it outlawed ivory processing and selling activities, significantly enhancing the protection of wildlife.
Opening Up Africa for Commerce
China is focusing on infrastructure to open up Africa for investments as part of its Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), Xi’s grandiose vision of building land and maritime routes to connect China and the rest of the world. Since the 1980s, Kenya has benefited from China’s funding for infrastructure projects in Africa, focusing on the sectors of power generation, transport, ICT sector and water projects. In May 2014, Premier Li Keqiang and President Kenyatta witnessed the signing of 17 multi-billion deals in Nairobi to fund multiple infrastructural projects and various agreements. In 2017, Kenya secured Sh21.9 billion ($291 million) financial assistance from China for infrastructure development and drought mitigation.
Chinese constructors have been building roads, including major highways and bypasses.In 2012, three Chinese companies, including China Wu Yi, completed the expansion of the ultra-modern eight lanes, 50 kilometers long Thika Highway linking Nairobi and Thika.
Between 2010 and 2017, Chinese constructorsupgraded and reconstructed the Nairobi Southern bypass and Nairobi Eastern bypass, Nairobi Northern bypass, the expansion of section of Langata Road into a dual road and expansion of Nairobi Outering road, JKIA-Uhuru Highway-Gigiri (Unep) Roads. They also completed the Gambogi-Serem Road in Vihiga County in Western Kenya.
Five Chinese companies—China Road and Bridges Cooperation (CRBC), China Wu Yi, Shengli Engineering Construction Group and Synohydro Corporation—have been working on the Northern corridor road project linking Mombasa and Nairobi to Ethiopia and South Sudan. And in January 2018, China Wu Yi won a Ksh14.2 billion ($142 million) to upgrade and reconstruct the Buhimba-Nalweyo-Bulamagi and Bulamagi-Igayaza-Kakumiro roads in Western Kenya.
China has invested in railways to opening up Africa. In 2013-2014, the four Governments of Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda and Southern Sudan signed and ratified a Protocol to build a high capacity, high speed Standard Gauge Railway (SGR)for passenger and freight transportation within the Northern corridor. Each country committed to develop the section of the railway line within its borders in what has evolved as Africa’s first grandiose regional railway project connecting the port of Mombasa to Kampala, Kigali and Juba.
Kenya committed to developing the Mombasa –Malaba section of the entire proposed railway network in two phases. In 2014, Kenya and China signed a Sh314 billion Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) deal.The first phase of Standard Gauge Railway line from from Mombasa to Nairobi was completed in 2017 at a total cost of Ksh380 billion ($3.8 billion).
On May 30, 2017, the Freight Service commissioned while the passenger train, codenamed Madaraka Expresswas inaugurated on 31 May 2017. A year after its launch, the number of passengers using the Mombasa-Nairobi SGR train have hit a record high of over 2,000 daily. The new railway line is expected to raise Kenya’s Growth Domestic Product by 1.5 percent, drive the development of related industries and promote Kenya’s foreign trade, and create no less than 30,000 jobs.
Phase two of the Standard Gauge Railway is being constructed inthree sub-phases. The second phase from Nairobi to Naivasha, now is underway, will pave the way for the construction of the Naivasha-Kisumu phase, which will include the development of a new high capacity port at Kisumu. The final leg is the construction of the Kisumu –Malaba section.
China is also financing and supplying ICT equipment to Kenya, mainly through two of its ICT firms, Huawei Technologies and ZTE (Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation). Since 2014, Fiber Home Technologies Group has been operating in Kenyan. Recently, it has revealed plans to help Kenya to digitize its economy through supplying modern telecom equipment. Further, Chinese media company StarTimes launched a satellite digital television project in Kenyain 2018.
Powering Development
One of its largest Chinese financing in Kenya is going to the power sector, with commitments estimated at more than US$5.3 billion.In October 2008, Kenya awarded a US$65 million contract to Synohydro Corporation to build a new 20MW hydroelectric power plant (HEP), the Sangoro plant in Western Kenya, completed in 2011.
China has also been funding the Kenya Power Distribution, Upgrading and Strengthening Project and the Olkaria Geothermal Field Production. It has provided affordable batteries in the East Africa region to promote uptake of green or renewable energy solutions such as solar and wind energy. Chinese company, Ritar Power, signed an agreement with Chloride Exide to promote renewable energy in Kenya.
Housing a Healthy and Skilled Work Force
Chinese companies are preparing to support the Government’s Big Four Agenda. One of these is the provision of affordable housing. Twyford Ceramic Company has established a ceramic factory in Kajiado county to produce floor tiles. The factory, the largest of its kind in East Africa,is producing a total of 25,000 square meters of tiles daily, and employing 1,500 local Kenyans.
China Wu Yi (Kenya) Precast Cohas completed work on its factory, based in Athi River, Machakos County, for precast building materials. The Ksh10 billion ($100 million) project is officially preparing to produce construction materials in Kenya. It is equipping its local technical workers with required skills before the launch of official operations. Annual production of precast concrete will be 50,000 cubic meters which will be enough for 20,000 apartments for public servants, with each occupying between 80 to 100 square meters.
Sino-Kenya economic relations have also centered on improving health.In the 1980s, China funded the project that effectively expandedEldoret Hospital. It also funded the construction of the Malaria Prevention and Treatment Centre and the Mama Lucy Kibaki Hospital in Nairobi, constructed in 2011 but officially opened in 2013.Beijing also provided Ksh158 million (10 million RMB Yuan) worth of medical supplies and equipment to the hospital.
In 2011, China provided a concessional loan to finance the construction of the Kenyatta University Teaching, Research and Referral Hospital Project, which is now completed.In 2018-2022, Chinese companies are expected to play a key role in the implementation of the health pillar of Kenya’s ‘Big Four’ agenda. However, China’s total financial commitments to water and sanitation, a key health issue in Kenya, remains relatively small.
Another frontier in Sino-Kenyan economic relations is food security, one of the big four agenda. In early April 2017, Beijing announced a donation of 21,000 metric tons of rice worth Ksh2.25 billion ($21.9 million), which was distributed to hunger-ravaged Kenyans in 23 counties.China has been involved in dam projects not only to generate hydro-power,but also irrigation as part of Kenya food security initiative and improve water storage and supply.
Sino-Kenya relations have also focused on education, capacity building and skills training. In the 1980s, Kenya and China signed an agreement for cooperation in higher education. Since 1982, Chinahas been providing Egerton University with apparatuses for teaching and researches and providedtwo teachers to work there. Chinahas also providedat least 10 scholarships to Kenyans every year with Kenyan students studying in Chinareaching 58 by 2002.
During the 2015 FOCAC Summit, Chinese Companies operating in Africa committed to provide scholarships, supporttechnical, industrial, vocational,and entrepreneurship training projects as well as rural primary schools.Chinese firms have been training Kenyan railway technicians in Chinese institutions.Huawei Technologies will be funding the training of 30 Kenyan youth in ICT in the 2018/2021 period. The China Road and Bridges Corporation (CRBC) has been funding fully funding 100 Kenyan high school students to study in China and 60 others in the Beijing Jiaotong University in 2016-2017.
Inexorably, with China’s expanding economic footprint it has increasingly raised its security profile to secure its investments in Kenya as elsewhere in Africa, exemplified by its opening of a “logistics support base” in Djibouti in 2011.