白俄罗斯致力优化中欧班列过境效率

白中务实合作硕果累累

2021年对于中国及其合作伙伴而言都是不同寻常的一年。2021年是中国共产党成立100周年，同时也是服务于新发展阶段、构建“双循环”格局的“十四五”规划开局之年。“小河有水大河满，大河无水小河干。”中国的发展红利将为合作伙伴注入新发展动能。

中国取得了举世瞩目的发展成就。中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，也是世界上第一个成功抗击新冠肺炎疫情的国家。改革开放四十年来，中国成功实现了脱贫目标，取得了许多国家几个世纪才能取得的成就。

白俄罗斯是一个环境优美、热情好客的国家，白俄罗斯总统和中国领导人的友谊为两国人民津津乐道。白俄罗斯因其优越的地理位置、充满英雄传奇色彩的历史文化、独一无二的自然景观、品质优良的产品以及中白工业园等大型合作项目在中国广为人知。

中白两国即将建交30周年。过去30年中，白俄罗斯和中国建立了深厚的政治互信，硕果累累的务实合作成果证明了两国有能力在政治、经济和人文交流等领域展开务实合作。

在协力抗击新冠肺炎疫情过程中，白中两国堪称国际合作的典范。在白俄罗斯总统亚历山大·卢卡申科授意下，白俄罗斯率先派遣两架载有人道主义防疫物资的飞机抵达中国，支援中国抗疫。之后，中国政府及企业投桃报李，又向白俄罗斯捐赠了医疗物资。行动胜于言语，两国人民用实际行动证明了两国如“铁兄弟”一般，既能同甘，又能共苦。今年5月，中国政府向白俄罗斯无偿援助了第二批由中国国药集团研发的新冠病毒灭活疫苗。疫情期间中欧班列成为唯一可靠的交通运输手段，疫情极大提升了中欧班列在中欧供应链中的地位。

2020年，白俄罗斯和中国的双边贸易额创历史新高，两国货物和服务贸易总额达到54亿美元。在疫情和全球危机的大背景下，两国双边贸易额逆势增长，增幅达950万美元。中国首次成为了白俄罗斯第二大贸易合作伙伴，仅次于俄罗斯。白俄罗斯对华产品出口增长了9.4%。食品供应量几乎翻番，个别食品供应量增幅甚至超过两倍，如禽肉供应为过去的3.5倍，乳清为2.2倍。随着高附加值产品在出口结构中的占比逐步上升、原材料占比逐渐下降，出口结构更加多元，各产品类别供应量增长势头依旧保持强劲。过去几年间，白俄罗斯上百个乳制品、肉类、鱼类、动物饲料供应商获得了中方的认证、进入了中国市场。

中白工业园项目的实施值得特别关注，该项目由中国、白俄罗斯、德国和瑞士的企业共同参与投资经营，旨在提升中欧间的货物物流效率，将运输时间从16天缩短到10-12天。

⬆ 白俄罗斯——中国集装箱铁路运输

中欧班列促两国贸易显著增长

白俄罗斯交通主管部门以实现过境物流供应链效率最大化为己任。白俄罗斯对华出口货物中超过98%是由铁水联运的方式完成的，以矿物、化肥和木材制品为主，规模约为每年100-200万吨。针对从白俄罗斯向中国运输的食品、木制品和纸张等货物，白俄罗斯有关部门制定了高效的物流方案。

白俄罗斯是最早参与共建“一带一路”的国家之一。随着共建“一带一路”倡议的深入推进以及中欧铁路班列的快速发展，两国贸易额取得显著增长。2014年，白俄罗斯过境集装箱数量达38000个，2020年该数字增长了14.5倍至55万个。即使2020年面临贸易困境，白俄罗斯的过境集装箱运输能力仍同比增长了25%。

⬆ 白俄罗斯——中国集装箱铁路运输

白俄罗斯多措施优化中欧班列运输效率

白俄罗斯高度重视优化中欧班列在本国境内运输效率的问题。2008年，白俄罗斯、中国和俄罗斯的铁路部门已在合作上达成一致，为货主安排了中欧班列运输新服务。第一班集装箱列车于2008年1月从北京始发，途经蒙古国、俄罗斯、白俄罗斯和波兰，最终抵达汉堡。随后该成功经验被哈萨克斯坦借鉴。

2013年，白俄罗斯、俄罗斯和哈萨克斯坦的铁路部门共同建立了俄白哈交通物流联合公司，该公司旨在为中国货物运往白俄罗斯边境提供高品质的物流运输服务。运营数年来，该公司一直秉持着 “一窗式”办理的原则，为中国和欧洲的货主提供现代化高品质服务。

白俄罗斯铁路是中国铁路主管部门最早的合作方之一，在中国、白俄罗斯、德国、哈萨克斯坦、蒙古国、波兰和俄罗斯铁路主管部门就深化中欧集装箱铁路运输合作达成协议的过程中起到了积极的作用，协议于2017年4月签署。2020年12月，各方签署了一项备忘录，支持采取共同行动提升中欧铁路班列集装箱运输速度。未来各方的目标是经过共同协商制定提升交通速度的具体措施。

白俄罗斯可以充当中欧陆路交通枢纽的角色，中欧班列线路上大部分铁路运输路段是在白俄罗斯境内。为提升中欧班列在白俄罗斯的过境效率，有关各方采取了一系列措施，提升沿途各国的运输能力。与此同时，所有与中欧班列运输相关的事项已通过双多边的形式予以解决。在此白俄罗斯向各方表示诚挚的感谢。

商业竞争力提升需要不断降低物流时间和成本，铁路货物运输的积极增长态势也意味着未来将有更多的挑战出现。为优化物流效率，白俄罗斯正在努力搭建一体化“数字交通走廊”。为实现这一目标，白俄罗斯将发展无纸化档案管理、端到端列车时刻表、区块链和智能密封技术，与国家监管部门构建电子联络渠道。白俄罗斯始终秉持着开放进取的原则，顺应现代化物流发展大势，重点关注交通基础设施改善以及与商业合作伙伴互惠合作。

链接

· 2017年，首个满载着白俄罗斯产品（木材）的中欧班列从白俄罗斯抵达中国。
· 2018年，满载着白俄罗斯乳制品的中欧班列通过“重庆-明斯克”中欧班列抵达中国。2020年，有超过100班中欧班列运载着白俄罗斯生产的出口产品抵达中国。
· 如今，中欧班列从中国60个城市始发，运至欧洲15个国家、50个城市，为中欧货主提供高品质、具有盈利保障的物流方案。主要的始发地和目的地有：
欧洲：德国（汉堡、杜伊斯堡、纽伦堡）
荷兰（蒂尔堡）
波兰（罗兹、马拉舍维奇）
中国：河南郑州、湖北武汉、安徽合肥、四川成都、新疆乌鲁木齐、重庆、陕西西安、广东深圳

编辑 | 张   梅

翻译 | 齐晓彤

设计 | 大   米

The
year 2021 is also a landmark year for China and its friends. It marks
the 100th anniversary of the Communist Party of China, as well as the
beginning of the 14th five-year plan for the formation of a new
development architecture and the implementation of the concept of
"Double Circulation". Undoubtedly, the partner countries will also
receive a new impetus for development. As they say in China: "when there
is water in the main river – and there is water in the tributary, when
there is no water in the main river – and the tributary is dry."

China's
success is now evident. It is the world's largest growing economy.
China was the first in the world to cope with the coronavirus pandemic.
In fact, in 40 years of reform and openness, China has overcome poverty –
achievement that many countries have been striving for centuries.

The
Republic of Belarus is a beautiful and hospitable country, known in
China for the friendship of the presidents, favorable geographical
location, heroic history, unique nature, high-quality products, the
Chinese-Belarusian Industrial Park "Great Stone" and other large-scale
joint projects.

In
less than a year, it will be celebrated the 30th anniversary of the
establishment of diplomatic relations between Belarus and China. During
this time, our countries have managed to create an atmosphere of mutual
trust and show by concrete examples that we can effectively cooperate in
politics, in the economy, and in humanitarian areas.

In
the course of countering the COVID-19 challenges, the relations between
Belarus and China have shown themselves to be exemplary. By the
personal order of President Alexander Lukashenko, Belarus was the first
country to send 2 aircrafts with humanitarian medical aid to the
People's Republic of China.

Subsequently,
medical supplies were delivered from China to Belarus, including
assistance from the government, 20 regions and a number of Chinese
companies. The peoples of our countries, not in words, but in deeds,
like real "iron brothers", have demonstrated that they can be together
in sorrow and in joy. In addition, in May, China made the second stage
of the free transfer of coronavirus vaccines for Belarus. Container
transport between Europe and China during the pandemic has significantly
strengthened its place in the logistics supply chains, being at times
the only reliable means of transport.

In
2020, we reached a historic high in trade with China – the mutual
turnover of goods and services amounted to 5.4 billion US dollars. In
the context of the pandemic and the global crisis, we not only did not
allow the decline, but were able to increase the volume. The trade
turnover increased by 9.5 million US dollars. For the first time, China
became the second trading partner of Belarus, after Russia. The export
of Belarusian products to China increased by 9.4%. At the same time,
food supplies doubled, and for certain items, for example, poultry meat,
an increase of 3.5 times, and whey – 2.2 times. Exports were
diversified to increase the share of high-value-added products and
reduce the share of raw materials, while the dynamics of volume growth
remained in all these commodity groups. Over the past few years, more
than a hundred of our producers of dairy, meat, fish products, as well
as animal feed have been accredited in China.

⬆ Container Terminal "Kolyadichi", Minsk

Special
attention should be paid to the implementation of the project of the
international logistics terminal in the Great Stone Park with the
participation of Chinese, Belarusian, German and Swiss companies, which
is designed to speed up the delivery of goods on the China–Europe route
from 16 to 10-12 days.
In Belarus, all types of transport are used
to organize optimal supply chains. More than 98% of Belarus exports to
China are served by multimodal rail and sea transport, which is about
1-2 million tons per year. Mineral fertilizers and timber products
dominate the supply structure. Effective logistics schemes for the
movement of container trains to China with Belarusian food products,
timber cargo, and paper are being worked out.

Belarus
was one of the first countries to join the Belt and Road initiative
proposed by President of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping and
actively participates in its projects, one of the most important
elements of which is the development of accelerated China–Europe rail
transport.

Thanks
to the Belt and Road initiative and the measures taken to accelerate
the development of China–Europe container transport via Belarus, immense
result was achieved. 38 thousand containers passed through the
territory of Belarus in 2014, then in 2020 such a number multiplies 14.5
times, getting about 550 thousand containers. Even in a difficult year
for trade in 2020, Belarus handled 25% more containers than in the
previous year.

It
should be emphasized that the Belarusian side systematically pays
special attention to the issue of optimizing freight rail transport
between China and Europe on its territory. In 2008, the railways of
Belarus, China and Russia agreed on common approaches to cooperation and
offered customers a new service for cargo transportation by organized
container trains in the China – Europe connection. The first container
train was sent in January 2008 from Beijing to Hamburg via Mongolia,
Russia, Belarus and Poland. Then this experience was successfully
applied in the organization of transportation through Kazakhstan.

Since
2013, the railways of Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan have started
implementing the project of the United Transport and Logistics Company
(currently JSC "OTLK EPA"), which was designed to provide a high-quality
logistics service for delivery from the Chinese to the Belarusian
border. For several years of its activity, this company offers a modern
high-quality service for Chinese and European customers from China and
Europe on the principle of "one window".

In
2017, the Belarus Railways was one of the first to support the
initiative of the China Railways and took an active part in the
preparation of the Agreement between the railways of China, Belarus,
Germany, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Poland and Russia on deepening
cooperation on the organization of container trains in the China –
Europe connection, which was signed in April 2017. As part of the
implementation of this Agreement, a Memorandum on joint actions aimed at
increasing the speed of container trains in the China – Europe
connection was signed in December 2020. In the near future, the task is
to develop and coordinate with all participants in the transportation
process a set of specific measures.

Belarus
is a kind of land link between China and Europe, providing a large
share of all rail traffic on this route. Already in 2017, the first
full-fledged container train with Belarusian products (timber) was sent
to China. In 2018, a full-fledged container train with dairy products
from Belarusian enterprises was sent on the Minsk – Chongqing route. In
2020, more than 100 container trains with export products of Belarusian
enterprises were sent to China.

Currently,
container trains run from 60 cities in China to 50 cities in 15
European countries, offering high-quality and profitable logistics
schemes. The main points of departure and destination of container
trains are:

in Europe: Germany (Hamburg, Duisburg, Nuremberg), the Netherlands (Tilburg), Poland (Lodz, Malashevichi);

in
China: Zhengzhou (Henan Province), Wuhan (Hubei Province), Hefei (Anhui
Province), Chengdu (Sichuan Province), Urumqi (Xinjiang Uyghur
Autonomous Region), Chongqing (city of central subordination), Xi'an
(Shaanxi Province), Shenzhen (Guangdong Province).

In
order to speed up the movement of container trains through the
Belarusian border crossings, a set of measures to increase mutual
capacity is being implemented jointly with foreign partners. At the same
time, all emerging issues of China – Europe rail container
transportation via Belarus are successfully resolved in bilateral and
multilateral formats, for which we express our special gratitude to our
colleagues.

Today,
business requires a constant reduction in time of delivery and its
cost, such as the positive dynamics of railway cargo transportation
poses a scope of tasks for the future. To optimizing traffic, Belarus is
developing prospects for creating a single "digital transport
corridors". In this direction, it relies on the introduction of
paperless document management, end-to-end train schedules, electronic
interaction with state regulatory authorities, blockchain technology and
smart seals introduction. Particularly, a special place in that issue
should be given to improving the transport infrastructure and
establishing mutually beneficial contacts with business partners. So
Belarus does consistently step forward to that having in the priorities –
openness, progressive initiatives and successful usage of modern
logistics trends. 

Editor | Zhang Mei

Design | Demi