我们支持南非保持非洲领头雁的地位，成为引领非洲工业化的火车头和服务非洲工业化和农业现代化的生产基地
文I 林松添 中国驻南非大使
2017年10月18-24日，中国共产党十九大在北京胜利召开。这是一次全球瞩目的大会，是中国全面建成小康社会决胜阶段、中国特色社会主义进入新时代的关键时期召开的一次具有历史里程碑意义的重要大会。
绘制中国未来发展的新蓝图
此次会议作出了两个事关全局的重大政治论断。一是中国社会主要矛盾已经由人民日益增长的物质文化生活需要同落后的社会生产力之间的矛盾，转化为人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾，人民不仅对物质文化有更高追求，对民主、法治、公平、正义、安全、环境、城乡区域平衡发展和收入分配等方面的要求也日益增长。二是中国特色社会主义进入了新时代。新时代意味着近代以来久经磨难的中华民族迎来了从站起来、富起来到强起来的伟大飞跃，中国进入了决胜全面建成小康社会、实现全体人民共同富裕、进而全面建设社会主义现代化强国的新时代；意味着中国要在继续推动发展的基础上，着力解决好发展不平衡不充分问题，大力提升发展质量和效益，更好满足人民在经济、政治、文化、社会、生态等方面日益增长的需要，推动人的全面发展、社会全面进步；意味着中国特色社会主义取得巨大成功，拓展了发展中国家走向现代化的途径，不断为解决人类问题作出更大贡献。
根据上述对中国国情变化的基本判断，会议深刻阐述了新时代中国共产党新的历史使命，确定了决胜全面建成小康社会、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程，绘制了新的国家发展蓝图。即从现在起到2020年，中国将集中精力决胜全面建成小康社会，坚决打赢脱贫攻坚战，确保实现第一个百年奋斗目标，届时14亿人口人均GDP将达到1万美元。在此基础上，再奋斗15年，到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化，届时人均GDP将达成3万美元。在此基础上，再奋斗15年，到本世纪中叶中国将建成富强民主文明和谐美丽的社会主义现代化强国。
会议还选举产生了以习近平同志为核心的新一届中央领导集体，确立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的历史地位，提出了中国新时代坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本方略，作为团结引领中共全党和全国人民为实现共同目标而奋斗的指导思想，并写进了中共党章。可以说，中共十九大对新时代推进中国特色社会主义伟大事业和中共建设新的伟大工程作出了全面规划和部署，为中国共产党和国家发展事业指明了方向，对中国和世界未来发展都将产生重大而深远影响。
充分体现以人民为中心的思想
正如习近平总书记强调指出，中国共产党人的初心和使命，就是为中国人民谋幸福，为中华民族谋复兴。这是中国共产党人不断前进的根本动力。自成立之日起，中国共产党就把全心全意为人民服务作为根本宗旨，始终坚持以人民为中心，一切为了人民、一切依靠人民，始终把人民利益摆在至高无上的地位，让改革发展成果更多更公平惠及全体人民，朝着实现全体人民共同富裕不断迈进。
习近平总书记强调，中国共产党来自人民、植根人民、服务人民，一旦脱离群众，就会失去生命力。人民是历史的创造者，必须坚持人民主体地位，坚持立党为公、执政为民，践行全心全意为人民服务的根本宗旨，把人民对美好生活的向往作为中共全党的奋斗目标。
为此，中共十九大决定，一是坚持发展是硬道理，把发展作为中共执政兴国的第一要务，确保实现决胜全面建成小康社会和建设中国特色社会主义现代化国家的宏伟目标；二是坚持质量第一、效益优先发展新理念，致力于绿色和可持续发展。三是坚持开放发展和创新发展，发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，不断解放和发展生产力；四是坚决打赢减贫攻坚战，确保13亿中国人民全面建成小康社会一个不能少，在共同富裕进程中一个不能掉队，保证最大限度的公平正义，让全体人民从国家经济发展中共同受益，充分体现社会主义同资本主义的本质区别。
为世界带来新机遇
中共十九大对新时代中国特色大国外交作出了顶层设计，提出了推动构建相互尊重、公平正义、合作共赢的新型国际关系，共同致力于构建人类命运共同体，推动建设一个持久和平、普遍安全、共同繁荣、开放包容、清洁美丽的世界。这是新时代中国特色大国外交追求的总目标，也是中国希望与各国共同努力的大方向。
习近平总书记强调，中国和平发展离不开世界和平发展，要树立共同、综合、合作、可持续的新安全观，共同致力于建设持久和平的世界，实现普遍安全。这也要求各国摈弃传统国际关系的丛林法则和零和博弈，反对任何国家谋求“绝对安全”。这与少数国家只顾一己安全甚至为此煽动颜色革命，颠覆别国政权的对外政策形成了鲜明对比。中国不仅致力于建设美丽中国，还愿同国际社会坚持环境友好，合作应对气候变化，致力于建设美丽世界，共同保护人类赖以生存的地球家园。这是中国共产党致力于建设清洁美丽世界的庄严承诺和外交使命。
中国将在习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想指引下，继续高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，恪守维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨，坚定不移在和平共处五项原则基础上发展同各国的友好合作，始终做世界和平的建设者、全球发展的贡献者、国际秩序的维护者。
⬆2017年10月16日，北京，外国记者在十九大新闻中心通过观看《中国日报》了解十九大新闻
为中非中南合作注入新动能
中国和非洲历来命运与共、利益相融、平等互信、相互支持，始终是利益和命运共同体。进入新世纪以来，中非各自情况发生很大变化，双方都肩负着发展经济、改善民生、消灭贫困的共同使命。非洲拥有自然资源、人口红利、市场潜力等后发优势，中国具备资金、技术、市场、企业、人才和成功发展经验等相对发展优势。中非合作发展互有优势、互有需要，迎来了发展梯次战略对接的历史性机遇。
根据中非各自特点和面临的共同使命，习近平主席提出了真实亲诚的对非政策理念和正确义利观，其核心要义就是要用中国发展助力非洲发展，实现合作共赢、共同发展。
2015年12月，习近平主席同祖马总统共同主持了中非合作论坛约翰内斯堡峰会，开启了中非合作共赢、共同发展的新时代。习近平主席在峰会上宣布了以助力非洲加快工业化、农业现代化进程为牵引的中非“十大合作计划”，并为此提供600亿美元支持，旨在着力支持非洲优先破解基础设施滞后、资金不足、人才短缺三大发展“瓶颈”，着力帮助非洲构建自主可持续发展的工业体系、粮食安全保障体系和公共卫生防控体系，助力非洲实现持久和平和自主可持续发展。我们认为，非洲经济不独立，政治上就受制于人。非洲只有实现工业化和农业现代化，才能实现经济自主可持续发展，解决就业、税收和创汇问题。
明年将在中国举行新一届中非合作论坛会议。我们将在中共十九大精神指引下，继续秉持正确义利观和共同、集约、绿色、和平、开放的合作发展新理念，与非方共同努力，以共建“一带一路”为抓手，全面推进政治、经济、文明、安全和国际事务“五大支柱”合作，进一步充实中非全面战略合作伙伴关系，推动中非迈进合作共赢、共同发展新时代。
当前，中南全面战略伙伴关系保持强劲发展势头，双边关系正处于历史最好时期。两国多层次、宽领域、全方位的合作格局已经成形，政治互信、经贸合作和人文交流“三轮驱动”势头强劲，堪称中非合作和南南合作的典范，给两国人民带来了实实在在利益。南非区位优势突出，资源禀赋优越，基础设施完善，市场规范，法制健全，是非洲综合实力首强，也是中非深化互利合作条件最成熟的国家。中南不仅拥有彼此相对的发展优势，且有致力于中南和中非共同发展的坚定政治意志。两国实现优势互补，必将创造出新的发展奇迹。
明年中南将迎来建交20周年。我们愿同南方充分发挥政治互信、经济互补、人民友好三大优势，共同推进基础设施建设、人力资源开发、加工制造业、农业、旅游、海洋经济、金融、安全、人文以及国际事务等十大优先领域合作，支持南非保持非洲领头雁的地位，成为引领非洲工业化的火车头和服务非洲工业化和农业现代化的生产基地，使中南关系更加富有成果，更好惠及两国人民。（编辑：张梅）
The 19th National Congress of the CPC Ushers in A New Era for China-South Africa and China-Africa Cooperation
By H.E. Ambassador Lin Songtian of China to South Africa
On 18-24 October, the Communist Party ofChina (CPC) successfully convened its 19th National Congress in Beijing. Thismeeting drew very high attention from both China and the world. It represents ahistoric milestone for China during the decisive stage in building a moderatelyprosperous society in all respects and at a critical moment as socialism withChinese characteristics has entered a new era.
A New Blueprint for China’s futuredevelopment
The Congress has made two major politicaljudgments concerning the overall situation. The first judgment is that theprincipal contradiction facing the Chinese society has evolved into the onebetween unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growingneeds for a better life, instead of the previous one between the ever-growingmaterial and cultural needs of the people and the backwardness of socialproduction. Today, the needs to be met for the people to live a better life areincreasingly broad. Not only have their material and cultural needs grown;their demands for democracy, rule of law, fairness and justice, security,better eco-environment, balanced urban and rural development, and equitableincome distribution are increasing.
The second judgment is that socialism withChinese characteristics has entered a new era. The new era means that theChinese nation, which since modern times began had endured so much for so long,has achieved a tremendous transformation: it has stood up, grown rich, and isbecoming strong; it has come to embrace the brilliant prospects ofrejuvenation. and it has now enter a new era of securing a decisive victory inbuilding a moderately prosperous society in all respects, a new era ofrealizing common prosperity for all the Chinese, and a new era of fullybuilding a modern socialist China. This new era means that, China will focusmore on addressing unbalanced and inadequate development, on improving thequality and effect of development, so as to better meet the ever-growingeconomic, political, cultural, social, and ecological needs of our people, andto promote all-round human development and social progress. This new era meansthat, the socialism with Chinese characteristics has achieved huge success,blazing a new trail for other developing countries to achieve modernization andmaking greater contributions to the mankind.
Based on the fundamental judgments of thechanges in China’s national conditions, the Congress elaborated on the CPC'shistoric mission in the new era, and drew up a new blueprint of securing adecisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,and then embarking on a journey to fully build a modern socialist China. By2020, we will secure a decisive success in building a moderately prosperoussociety in all respects, meaning as the world’s most populous country, Chinawill completely eradicate poverty out of its entire 1.4 billion population,leaving no one behind. It is estimate that by 2020, per capital GDP in Chinawill reach 10,000 US dollars. For the period from 2021 to the middle of thiscentury, the congress has drawn up a two stage overall development plan. From2021-2035, we will basically realize socialist modernization, with estimatedper capita GDP at 30,000 US dollars, reaching the level of moderately developedcountry. From 2036 to mid 21st century, we will develop China into a modernsocialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced,harmonious, and beautiful.
The Congress sets forth the basic policyfor upholding and developing socialism with Chinese characteristics in the newera. It has elected a new generation of CPC central leadership with GeneralSecretary Xi Jinping at its core, and established the historical position of XiJinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as theguiding thought to unite and lead the CPC and the Chinese people going forward.The Xi Jinping Thought has been written into the CPC Constitution.
The 19th CPC National Congress has set outcomprehensive planning and deployment for developing socialism with Chinesecharacteristics in the new era and for the CPC party building. This Congresshas charted the course of both the CPC and China, and bears far-reachingsignificance for the future of both China and the world.
A people-centered approach
As General Secretary Xi Jinping of the CPCpointed out, the original aspiration and the mission of Chinese Communists isto seek happiness for the Chinese people and rejuvenation for the Chinesenation. This is what inspires Chinese Communists to keep advancing. Since itsfoundation, the CPC has maintained its fundamental purpose of serving peoplewholeheartedly. Upholding the firm belief that the CPC is a party of thepeople, for the people and by the people, the CPC is always committed to apeople-centered approach, always puts the interest of the people first, andalways strives to ensure the achievements of social and economic progressshould be and must be shared by the entire population so as to achieve commonprosperity for all.
As General Secretary Xi Jinping stressedthat, the CPC comes from the people. Its roots are based among the people. Itspurpose is to serve the people. Without the people, the Party will lose itslifeline. With the deep conviction that the people are makers of history, theParty must serve the people wholeheartedly, exercise power for the people andcontinue to focus efforts on the aspiration of the people to live a betterlife.
For this utmost purpose, the 19th NationalCongress of CPC has made clear a number of important principles. Firstly,development is the absolute principle and the top priority of the Party ingoverning and rejuvenating the country to realize the ambitious goal ofsecuring a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in allrespect and a modern socialist country with Chinese characteristics. Secondly,we uphold the new development approach that puts quality and effective, greenand sustainable development in the first place. Thirdly, we are committed toopen and innovation-driven development, let the market play the decisive rolein the allocation of resources, and make constant efforts to liberate anddevelop productivity. Fourthly, we are fully committed to fight against povertyfor common prosperity. Our solemn promise is taking no one less of the 1.3billion Chinese people into a moderately prosperous society in all respects,and leaving no one behind on the path towards common prosperity. We will workto ensure utmost fairness and justice, and ensure that every Chinese peoplebenefit from the development of the country, which speaks volume for thefundamental difference between socialism and capitalism.
A New opportunity for the world
The 19th CPC National Congress set out theguiding principles for China’s major country diplomacy with Chinesecharacteristics at the top level. The Congress puts forward that China willpursue a new type of international relations featuring mutual respect,fairness, justice, and win-win cooperation, building a community with sharedfuture for mankind, which is an open, inclusive, clean and beautiful world thatenjoys lasting peace, universal security, and common prosperity. This goal notonly encapsulates the overall objective of China’s diplomacy in the new era,but also declares to the world the general direction of our joint efforts withcountries around the world.
General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed thatit is impossible for China to enjoy peace and development without the peace anddevelopment of the world. That is why China advocates for a new securityconcept of common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security. Chinais committed to jointly building a world of lasting peace and universalsecurity. To achieve this goal, countries should abandon the traditionalinternational politics of zero-sum game and the law of the jungle, andresolutely reject any country to pursue “absolute security”. This approach isin stark contrast to the foreign policy of few countries that only seek forabsolute security of its own and for that purpose, even incites colorrevolution and tries to topple the regime of other country. China will not onlyfocus on building a beautiful and better China, but will also contribute to abeautiful world. China is willing to work with the international community topromote the cause of the environment, address climate change, and protect theearth as our shared homeland. To build a clean and beautiful and better worldis the solemn promise of the CPC as well as the stated mission of China’sdiplomacy.
Looking forward, under the guidance of theXi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,China will continue to hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperationand mutual-benefit, and uphold its fundamental foreign policy goal ofpreserving world peace and promoting common development. China remains firm inits commitment to strengthening friendship and cooperation with other countrieson the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. China will alwaysbe a staunching force of world peace, development and order.
New Dynamics for China-South Africa andChina-Africa Cooperation
China and Africa always share a commonfuture. We have always understood and supported each other on issues concerningour core interests and major concerns, and we have always stood together toprotect our common interest. Since the entry of the new century, major changeshave taken place to both China and Africa who share the common mission foreconomic development, better life for people and eradication of poverty. Africais endowed with rich natural resources, human dividend, and potential marketwhile China has the comparative advantage of capital, technology, market,enterprises talents and experience of successful development. China and Africashare mutual needs and complementarities and face a rare historic opportunityto synergize their development strategies.
In view of new developments in China-Africarelations, President Xi Jinping instructed us that in conducting our relationswith Africa, we should always follow the principles of sincerity, practicalresults, affinity and good faith, and uphold the values of friendship, justiceand shared interests. The essence of the instruction is to closely combineChina’s development with the independent sustainable development of Africancountries, so as to achieve win-win cooperation for common development. InDecember 2015, President Xi Jinping and President Jacob Zuma co-chaired theForum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) Johannesburg Summit. Our twoPresidents, jointly opened with other African leaders a new era of China-Africawin-win cooperation for common development. During the Summit, President XiJinping announced the China-Africa Ten Major Cooperation Plans, which isspearheaded by efforts to accelerate Africa’s industrialization andagricultural modernization. With a commitment of 60 billion US dollars offunding support, China aims to support Africa to breakthrough three developmentbottlenecks, namely inadequate infrastructure, lack of professional and skilledpersonnel, and short of financial resources so as to achieve lasting peace andself-sustainable development. We believe that there will be no politicalindependence without economic independence. Only by realizing industrializationand agricultural modernization can Africa create more jobs, tax revenues andforeign exchange and achieve self-sustainable development.
The new FOCAC meeting will be held in Chinanext year. Under the guidance of the 19th National Congress of the CPC, andupholding the values of friendship, justice and shared interests, and the newapproach of common, intensive, green, peace, and open development, China willwork together with Africa to jointly build the Belt and Road and promotecomprehensive cooperation in the five pillar areas of politics, economy,culture, security and international affairs, and bring China-Africa relationsinto the new era of win-win cooperation for common development.
Currently, China-South Africa comprehensivestrategic partnership maintains robust momentum. China-South Africa relationsare in its best historical moment and is faced with new historicalopportunities. Over the years, a multi-layered, wide-ranging andall-dimensional cooperation framework has taken shape. Driven by three enginesof mutual political trust, economic andtrade cooperation and people-to-people exchanges, China-SA relations havedelivered tangible results to both peoples and become a model for China’scooperation with African countries and all developing countries. Situated in aprime location, and boasting rich resources, sound infrastructure,well-regulated market, and sound legal system, South Africa is the leadingAfrican country that is in the best position for deeper China-Africa mutuallybeneficial cooperation. China and South Africa not only have the comparativeadvantages, and more importantly a strong political commitment to the commondevelopment. A new miracle for development will be created by China and SouthAfrica complementing their respective strengths for win-win cooperation.
Next year will mark the 20th anniversary ofChina-South Africa diplomatic ties. China and South Africa will take thisimportant opportunity, fully leverage our strengths of political mutual trust,economic complementarity, and the friendship between our two peoples, and worktogether to promote cooperation in ten priority areas including infrastructure,human resources, manufacturing and processing, agriculture, tourism, marineeconomy, finance, security, people-to-people exchange and internationalcooperation. China is ready to support South Africa as a leading goose inAfrica and a locomotive to drive Africa’s industrialization, and a product basefor African industrialization and modernization and make China-South Africarelations more productive and more beneficial to our two peoples.