让乌中互利合作更密切
文｜巴赫季约尔·赛义多夫（H.E.Ambassador Bakhtiyor Saidov） 乌兹别克斯坦共和国驻华大使 翻译｜王晓波
导读：
现在，乌兹别克斯坦非常重视与所有国家的互利合作，因此，加入一带一路倡议能够让我们在这方面发挥更重要的作用
自古以来，乌兹别克斯坦就与中国开始了双边贸易和丰富的文化交流，现在两国已经发展成为战略合作伙伴关系。双方的合作涉及到政治、经济、贸易、工业、建筑、科学、教育和文化等各领域。在建立战略伙伴关系的联合声明、友好合作协定以及2016年签署的构建全面战略伙伴关系的联合声明等文件基础上，两国间的互动一直在稳步发展。
2017年5月11日至13日，应中华人民共和国主席习近平的邀请，乌兹别克斯坦共和国总统沙夫卡特·米尔济约耶夫首次对中国进行了国事访问。两国领导人在会谈时均提到，双方互利合作已经上升到一个新水平，并且在地区和国际问题上持有共同立场和相似看法，这对未来的发展具有重要意义。双方也再次重申了进一步扩大和加强乌中全面战略伙伴关系和互利合作的意愿。
在国事访问期间，两国还签署了技术合作和国际公路交通政府间协定、就资助提高普通学校教育质量项目和向卫生保健领域提供现代医疗设备项目互换了政府间合作文本、兽医和植物检疫检验领域的谅解备忘录、鼓励小企业与私营实体企业合作的谅解备忘录以及2018年至2020年农业领域部门间进行交流的合作计划。在访问期间两国所达成的协议为落实一系列投资项目创造了条件，这些项目的总额超过230亿美元。尤其值得指出的是，双方达成的协议将有助于进一步发展乌中关系，增进两国人民的福祉。
在沙夫卡特·米尔济约耶夫总统访华期间，他还会见了中国工商界的代表。大家共同讨论了乌中长期伙伴关系的现状、合作前景和在稳步发展过程中应优先考虑的领域。在与企业家代表见面时总统坦言，乌兹别克斯坦与中国一些工业公司建立了长期互利的关系，双方在石油和天然气、电信、交通、纺织、旅游、建筑、化工等领域的合作项目也都进展顺利。他强调，中国企业参与了乌兹别克斯坦许多新项目的建设，还特别提到了位于“吉扎克”自由经济区的乌中新技术产业园，称其为双方合作最耀眼的例证。移动电话、缝纫机、建筑材料、太阳能集热器等颇具竞争力的产品都已开始在产业园内生产。为了营造最具吸引力的投资环境，特别是外商直接投资，在充分研究世界主要工业化国家最先进的运作经验的基础上，由总统颁布法令，决定在乌兹别克斯坦建立17个自由经济区。
事实上，中国是乌兹别克斯坦最大的贸易、经济和投资伙伴之一，双边贸易额一直在大幅度增长，互利合作在人民生活的各领域都不断得到发展。2017年，两国间贸易额达到了50亿美元。700多家中资企业参与了乌兹别克斯坦的投资项目，许多公司在乌设立了代表处。一些合作项目正在高新技术、石油和天然气、化学工业、运输和物流、纺织、农业等领域展开。两国对发展工业创新型伙伴关系都很有兴趣。截至目前，中国投资者在乌兹别克斯坦经济领域的投资已达约80亿美元，许多合作投资项目都已经得到落实。
一带一路倡议是中国发起的，目的是在进一步加强现有的双边和多边合作机制基础上，形成和促进国际合作与发展的新模式。乌兹别克斯坦加入该倡议具有十分重要的意义，因为它地处丝绸之路的中心位置，自古以来，在加强国际贸易、经济和文化联结中始终占据着重要地位。
一带一路倡议的主要目的是推动和延续古丝绸之路的发展，构建新的经济合作机制，带动相关国家的经济增长，同时加强不同文明之间的文化交流，促进和平与可持续发展。
现在，乌兹别克斯坦非常重视与所有国家的互利合作，因此，加入一带一路倡议能够让我们在这方面发挥更重要的作用。
乌兹别克斯坦生产的产品非常具有竞争力，而且国际市场对其的需要也与日俱增。这主要得益于沙夫卡特.米尔济约耶夫总统提出并正在得到贯彻落实的不断实现工业领域现代化和多元化、发展小企业和私营企业以及鼓励出口的政策倡议。旨在进一步加强丝绸之路沿线国家经济和贸易合作的一带一路倡议对发展和展示乌兹别克斯坦的经济实力具有极其重要的意义。
2017年5月，沙夫卡特·米尔济约耶夫总统在一带一路论坛上发言时建议，可以将中国-吉尔吉斯斯坦-乌兹别克斯坦-阿富汗之间的铁路线并入到一带一路运输走廊的网络中。
一带一路倡议将使相关国家充分展示各自的潜能，共同发展经济，增加贸易往来和投资，为未来进一步发展营造广泛的条件。在这一合作框架内，乌兹别克斯坦积极参与开辟通过中国连接中亚与南亚、东南亚和欧洲国家市场的运输和物流路线的项目。乌兹别克斯坦与中国在交通运输领域的合作还拓展出新的贸易和经济走廊，为旅游、科学和教育领域的优先发展创造了充满希望的前景。
2018年6月9日，在青岛上海合作组织峰会召开期间，乌兹别克斯坦共和国总统沙夫卡特·米尔济约耶夫再次会见了中国国家主席习近平。习近平主席明确表示，他高度重视与乌兹别克斯坦建立的全面战略伙伴关系和双方开展的各种形式的合作。会谈时，双方全面分析了乌兹别克斯坦与中国合作的现状，同时也讨论了进一步扩大经济、贸易、投资、交通运输、高技术等领域相互往来的问题。会谈还特别强调了两国联手增强区域合作与发展的重要性。
在两国领导人会谈的基础上，乌兹别克斯坦驻华大使馆高度重视发展乌中各省间的直接合作，并已经为此付出了积极努力。在建立乌中地区直接合作关系时，各地区的发展潜力和实际情况受到了特别关注。从2018年年初至今，来自乌兹别克斯坦12个省的几个代表团已经走访参观了中国许多省市。
在访问期间，乌兹别克斯坦的代表们与中国各省的领导以及一些公司的负责人进行了会谈和交流，并且在各省都举办了商业论坛。这些沟通协商都取得了成果，他们之间签署了许多协议和双边文件。两国各地区间所签合同和协议的总额超过了45亿美元。
通过双方的努力，这些省市间建立起了直接联系：撒马尔罕与陕西省、布哈拉与河南省、安集延与安徽省、塔什干与重庆市、苏尔汉与四川省、吉泽克与天津市、卡拉卡帕克斯坦与湖南省和河北省、纳曼干与山东省、锡尔达利亚与上海市、卡帕兹与福建省、费尔干纳与湖北省。
2018年4月，由撒马尔罕区州长率领的代表团访问了陕西省。访问期间，西安国际物流中心针对撒马尔罕地区的投资机遇和出口潜力主办了一次商务论坛，目的就是为扩大撒马尔罕地区和陕西省企业家之间在贸易、经济和投资方面的合作。当地的企业家们对此次论坛表现出了极大的兴趣，会后，撒马尔罕地区的26位商人和大型企业的负责人与陕西省的一些公司又进行了双边或多边形式的会谈。
2018年2月，乌兹别克斯坦与中国合资成立了丝绸之路国际公司，乌塔奥西约联合股份公司作为乌方的合作方参与了该合资公司。该合资公司的主要业务就是沿着新的运输通道塔什干-安集延-奥什-伊尔克什坦-喀什（中国境内）组织货物运输。
2018年8月7日，乌兹别克斯坦国家对外经济活动银行与中国建筑工程设计集团有限公司下属的建筑设计公司在北京签署了一份合同，请中国的建筑设计师参与撒马尔罕地区的总体规划和城市空间设计，并且结合2022年上合组织峰会场所的建设，将撒马尔罕城打造成为一个旅游景点。
中国企业计划明年在“吉扎克”自由经济区兴建中亚地区最大的玻璃工厂。该项目的总成本超过了1.1亿美元。中国的投资者还将在塔什干地区的库伊奇奇克区建造全国最大的自行车生产厂。这一项目的总成本为8000多万美元，预计建成并投入运营后能够出口价值2.6亿美元的产品。
此外，中国企业正积极寻求与乌兹别克斯坦合作，共同开发电动汽车的生产。比如，长安汽车集团已经宣布，该公司计划在费尔干纳山谷生产电动汽车。他们打算为此投资数千万美元。
还有一点也值得指出，乌兹别克斯坦与中国计划到2020年将双边贸易额增加到100亿美元。
最后，我要特别感谢中乌政府间合作委员会及其下属委员会所做的积极工作，并且祝愿两国在贸易、经济、投资、农业、能源、科学技术、文化和其他领域的合作关系能够继续卓有成效地向前推进和发展。（编辑：张梅）
英文版：
Uzbekistan – China: comprehensive strategic partners
By H.E. Ambassador Bakhtiyor Saidov of the Republic of Uzbekistan in China
Since ancient times, the peoples of Uzbekistan and China were linked by mutual trade, mutual enrichment of cultures. Today the relations between Uzbekistan and China have progressed to the level of strategic partnership. The cooperation includes all areas of politics, economy, trade, industry, construction, science, education and culture. Interactions between our countries steadily develop based on such documents as the Joint Declaration on Establishing Strategic Partnership, the Agreement on Friendship and Cooperation, as well as the Joint Statement of 2016 Providing for the Establishment of Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
On May 11 – 13, 2017 President of the Republic of Uzbekistan H.E.Shavkat Mirziyoyev paid the first State visit to China on the Invitation of President of the People's Republic of China H.E.Xi Jinping. At the talks of leaders of our countries was mentioned that mutually advantageous cooperation rising to a new level and the commonality or similarity of the two states positions on regional and international issues were of important significance. The sides reaffirmed their readiness to further expand and strengthen the full-scale strategic partnership and mutually beneficial cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People's Republic of China.
As a result of the talks, Shavkat Mirziyoyev and Xi Jinping signed a joint declaration between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People’s Republic of China.
Within the framework of the State visit the following important documents were also signed: intergovernmental agreements on technical cooperation and on international road traffic, an exchange of notes between the governments on financing projects for raising the quality of education at general education schools, for providing the health care sphere with modern medical equipment, and also a memorandum of understanding in the sphere of veterinary science and the quarantine inspection of plants, a memorandum of understanding on encouraging cooperation between small business and private entrepreneurship entities and a plan of cooperation in interdepartmental exchanges in the agricultural sphere in the years 2018-2020.
In general, more than 100 bilateral intergovernmental and interdepartmental documents were signed during the visit. The reached agreements provide for the realization of a large package of investment projects. Their total value exceeds $23 billion. It was also noted especially that the agreements that were reached would serve to further develop the Uzbek-Chinese relations and to raise the wellbeing of the peoples of the two countries.
During this visit President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev met also with representatives of business circles of China. The current state and prospects of cooperation, priority directions of steady development of the long-term partnership between Uzbekistan and China were discussed at the meeting.
It was underlined that Uzbekistan has established long-term and mutually beneficial relations with leading industrial companies of China, joint projects in oil and gas, telecommunications, transport, textiles, tourism, construction, chemicals and other spheres have been successfully implemented. The President of our country emphasized that Chinese businesses participate in many new industrial projects in Uzbekistan. He also stressed that the Uzbekistan-China industrial park of new technologies in “Jizzakh” free economic zone is a vivid example of this cooperation. Mobile telephones, sewing machines, construction materials, solar collectors and other competitive products are manufactured here. In order to create the most favorable conditions for attracting investment, especially foreign direct investment on the basis of the study of best practices of the leading industrialized countries of the world, by the Decrees of the President created a total of 17 free economic zones in Uzbekistan.
Indeed China is one of the largest trade-economic and investment partners of Uzbekistan. The volumes of mutual trade are dynamically increasing. Mutually beneficial cooperation is consistently developing in all spheres of life. In 2017, the trade turnover between our countries amounted to $ 5 billion. Over 700 enterprises with the participation of Chinese capital, representative offices of a number of companies are functioning in Uzbekistan. A number of joint projects are being implemented in such sectors as high-tech, oil and gas, chemical industry, transport and logistics, textiles, agriculture and etc.
Both countries are interested in developing an industrial-innovative partnership. Over the past years Chinese investors have invested about $8 billion in the Uzbek economy. A number of joint investment projects, including strategic ones, have been implemented in our country.
The «One Belt, One Road» project, the initiator of which has been China, envisages forming and promoting new models of international cooperation and development, as well as further strengthening the existing mechanisms of bilateral and multilateral cooperation.
Uzbekistan’s participation has a very significance for the project. Our country, located in the centre of the Great Silk Road, since ancient times has had an important place in consolidating international trade-economic and cultural ties.
The main goal is to promote and continue the development trends on the route of the Great Silk Road, to develop new mechanisms of economic cooperation, to stimulate economic progress of the involved states, to reinforce cultural ties among different civilizations as well as to promote peace and sustainable development.
Today our country attaches a special attention to mutually beneficial cooperation with all countries. A partnership within the frameworks of the “One Belt, One Road” project plays an important role.
The competitiveness of the products, manufactured in our country and the demand for them in the world markets have been increasing as a result of the ongoing initiatives of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev on consistent reforms on modernization and diversification of industrial spheres, development of small business and private entrepreneurship, supporting exports. The “One Belt, One Road” project, aimed at further developing trade and economic cooperation between the countries of the Great Silk Road, has an significance in developing and demonstrating economic capabilities of Uzbekistan.
Speaking in the One Belt, One Road forum in China on May, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said that that China — Kyrgyzstan — Uzbekistan — Afghanistan railway line might be integrated in a One Belt, One Road transport corridor network.
The «One Belt, One Road» initiative will allow the involved states to fully utilise their capacities, mutually enrich their economies, stimulate trade and investments, create wide conditions for further development of cooperation. Within the framework of cooperation, Uzbekistan actively participates in projects on creating transport and logistics routes connecting Central Asia via China with the markets of South, Southeast Asia and European countries. Uzbekistan – China cooperation in the field of transport communications, opening new trade and economic corridors, priority tasks and perspectives in tourism, scientific and educational spheres successfully developing.
On June 9, 2018 President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with the President of the People’s Republic of China Xi Jinping within the framework of the SCO Summit in Qingdao. Head of China, welcoming Shavkat Mirziyoyev, noted that he attaches great importance to full-scale strategic partnership and multi-format cooperation with Uzbekistan. At the meeting, the current state of Uzbekistan – China cooperation was comprehensively analyzed. Issues of further expansion of interaction in economy, trade, investment, transport communications, high technologies and other spheres were discussed. The importance of developing links between the regions of the two countries for further expansion of this cooperation was emphasized.
On this basis The Embassy of Uzbekistan in Beijing paid great attention to develop direct cooperation between the provinses of Uzbekistan and China. To accomplish this task, which was set by the leaders two countries, the Embassy carried out a lot of efforts. In establishing direct relations between the regions of Uzbekistan and China, special attention was paid to the development, potential and specifics of each region. From the beginning of 2018 year up to now several delegations of 12 provinces of Uzbekistan paid visits to different provinces of China.
It should be noted that during these visits in each province of China, representatives of Uzbekistan met and held talks with the heads of provinces and different companies. Business forums were organized in each province. As a result of meetings and negotiations, many agreements and other bilateral documents were signed. Thus the total amount of signed contracts and agreements between the regions of the two countries exceeds 4.5 billion dollars.
As a result of these efforts, direct links have been established between the following provinces of the two countries: Samarkand – Shaanxi provinces, Bukhara – Henan, Andijan – Anhui, Tashkent – Chongqing, Surkhandarya – Sichuan, Jizzakh – Tianjin, Karakalpakstan – Hunan, Hebei, Namangan – Shandong, Sirdarya – Shanghai, Khopazm – Fujian, Ferghana – Hubei.
For example on March 2018 a group of entrepreneurs from Karakalpakstan took part in the international exhibition of construction technologies, goods and equipment "Constructtech – 2018" and Uzbekistan – China business forum, in Beijing. B2B meetings were held within the framework of the event. A number of export and import agreements were also signed.
On April delegation led by khokim (governor) of Samarkand region visited to Shaanxi province. Within the framework of the visit, the international logistics center of Xi'an hosted a business forum on investment opportunities and export potential of Samarkand region in order to expand trade, economic and investment cooperation between entrepreneurs of Samarkand region and Shaanxi province. Local entrepreneurs showed a high interest in the business forum, which was full of interesting discussions. Following the presentation, 26 businessmen and heads of large enterprises from Samarkand held talks with companies of Shaanxi Province in bilateral and multilateral format. And other visits were also fruitful.
Recently, in February 2018, Uzbekistan – China JV Silk Road International was established with participation of Urta Osiyo Trans Joint Stock Company, the main activity of which is organization of cargo transportation along the new transport corridor Tashkent – Andijan – Osh – Irkeshtam – Kashgar (China) and back.
On August 7, 2018 in Beijing National Bank for Foreign Economic Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the architectural and design company China Construction Engineering Design Group Corporation Ltd signed a contract for participation of the Chinese designers in developing the concept of the General plan of Samarkand and organization of the town-planning space in conjunction with the location of the objects of the SCO-2022 summit and the tourist zone of Samarkand city.
Chinese investors plan to launch next year in the territory of the FEZ "Jizzakh" the largest in Central Asia glass factory. The total cost of the plant project is more than 110 million dollars, the first stage has already been mastered 28.9 million dollars.
Chinese investors will build the country's largest Bicycle production plant in the Kuyichirchik district of Tashkent region. The total cost of the project exceeds 80 million dollars, it is expected that the export of products will be 260 million dollars.
Besides, Chinese companies are very actively seeking to cooperate with Uzbekistan in the direction of the production of electric vehicles. For example, Changan Automobile Group announced that the company intends to organize the production of electric cars in the Ferghana valley. The Chinese company plans to invest tens of millions of dollars. There are many such examples.
It should be noted that Uzbekistan and China by 2020 intend to increase the volume of bilateral trade to $ 10 billion.
In conclusion, I would like to note that thanks to the active work of the Chinese-Uzbek intergovernmental Committee for cooperation and its subcommittees also, the relations in trade, economic, investment, agricultural, energy, scientific, technological, cultural and other spheres are effectively developing and promoting.