阿尔及利亚制定了经济发展战略，其重点是为阿尔及利亚吸引外国直接投资，从而一方面减少进口数量，另一方面实现出口的多样性
文I 艾哈桑·布哈利法 阿尔及利亚驻华大使 翻译I 王晓波 摄影I鲁门
● 两国关系
● 经济发展战略
● 投资优势
两国关系
阿尔及利亚与中国是战略伙伴关系，两国间的友谊深厚绵长。早在59年前两国就建立了外交关系。这些年来我们彼此信任，互相帮助，协同合作，并且始终保持着定期的政治交往，在地区和国际事务方面也有着密切的磋商与协调。
2014年，阿尔及利亚总统阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·布特弗利卡和中国国家主席习近平决定将两国关系升级为全球战略伙伴关系。阿尔及利亚是中国在阿拉伯国家中第一个建立全球战略伙伴关系的国家。
中国是阿尔及利亚的第一个经济合作伙伴，现在有1000多家中国公司在阿尔及利亚经营业务，其中有100家公司既设有总部，还成立了分公司。居住在阿尔及利亚的中国人已经超过了55000人。我们非常欢迎有更多的中国公司前往阿尔及利亚在各个行业投资。
经济发展战略
阿尔及利亚的投资环境优越，是非洲非常重要的经济体。国土面积2381741平方公里，是世界第十大国，也是非洲、地中海沿岸和阿拉伯地区中面积最大的国家。
阿尔及利亚制定了发展经济的战略，其目标就是要提高本国商业的竞争力。该经济政策的重点是为阿尔及利亚吸引外国直接投资，从而一方面减少进口数量，另一方面实现出口的多样性。
阿尔及利亚的许多领域都需要投资，其中石油化工行业首当其冲。除了石油和天然气以外，投资者们对其它机遇也表现出了越来越多的兴趣，特别是在化工和冶金、电信、建筑、农业和旅游业方面。
投资优势
对阿尔及利亚投资产生影响的因素很多，最主要的有以下几个方面：
富饶的能源和自然资源。阿尔及利亚拥有丰富多样的自然资源，特别是石油，其储量在世界石油储备中位居第十五位（其储量相当于450亿吨石油）；在产量上居世界第十八位；而在出口总量上则排在世界第十二位。石油提炼量每年可达到2200万吨。
在天然气方面，阿尔及利亚已探明天然气储量位居世界第七位，产量位居第五，出口量则列于第三位。
阿尔及利亚是一个能源大国，它的石油和天然气的储备、生产和出口在地中海沿岸地区都稳居第一。阿尔及利亚还是欧盟天然气的第三大供应商。其太阳能发展潜力也很大，因为阿每年有3000小时的日照时间。
除了以上提及的这些资源，阿尔及利亚的地下还蕴藏着大量的磷酸铁、锌、铀等。
丰富的能源和自然资源将有助于在阿尔及利亚投资取得成功。
高素质的人力资源。高素质的人力资源是我们最宝贵的财富，也是我们对未来做出的最明智的投资。阿尔及利亚在制定国家政策时将教育放在了非常重要的位置，全国小学和中学的学生人数接近850万（国民生产总值的5.5%用在了教育方面），而且学生在16岁以前还可以享受免费教育（全国的识字率达到了86%）。
接受高等教育的学生人数有150万，其中博士生35000名；还有9万名学生在全国48个省的106所大学里接受专业技术培训（国家预算中的6.24%用在了高等教育方面）。自1962年以来，已经有250万名大学毕业生，643700名学生接受了技术培训。现在每年的毕业人数都在20万左右。
此外，在大多数公司还有专业培训中心。因此对于阿尔及利亚的投资者来说，高素质的人力资源也是一大优势。
基础设施网络。阿尔及利亚已经形成了非常配套的基础设施网络，特别是在交通运输方面，这对实现货物运输的便利化起到了非常重要的作用。
阿尔及利亚的公路网是非洲最稠密的，全国公路里程达112039公里（其总长度列居世界第四十位，非洲第三位），其中29573公里属于国家级公路。
东西高速公路是一项重要的基础设施工程，它全长1216公里，将最东部的安纳巴与最西部的特莱姆森两个城市连接起来。
阿尔及利亚也是跨撒哈拉公路的途经国，这条公路现在已经完成铺设。它的建设也得到了阿尔及利亚政府的大力支持，因为它对促进沿线六国间的贸易非常有帮助，它们是：阿尔及利亚、马里、尼日尔、尼日利亚、乍得和突尼斯。
机场：阿尔及利亚共有36个机场，其中16个是国际机场。
港口：阿尔及利亚有45个海上基础设施，其中11个是商业港口，2个油港，31个渔港，1个小艇停靠区和2200个海上交通指示装置。
铁路网络：阿尔及利亚国家境内共有4498公里长的铁路网络。
这样的交通设施对于进入边境市场、北部的地中海区域以及世界其它地方都提供了极为便利的条件。
阿尔及利亚的市场优势。阿尔及利亚是非洲和阿拉伯地区最重要的市场之一，主要体现在：
——拥有4000万的消费者；
——2016年的进口额为467亿美元；
——2015年至2019年，公共投资总额将达到2620亿美元；
行业战略政策。阿尔及利亚政府为促进国家发展投入了大量的资金（2004年至2009年期间，投入了2000亿美元；2010年至2014年期间投入了2860亿美元；2015年至2019年期间将投入2620亿美元。它们都属于公共投资）。
阿尔及利亚新的产业复兴政策重点放在了十二个战略领域，即钢铁与金属加工、水硬性胶凝材料、电子产品和家用电器、工业化工、机械制造和汽车、药品制造、航空航天领域、建筑与船舶修理、高端技术、食品加工、纺织和服装、皮革及木制品生产、木材和家具工业以及外包业务。
同时，阿尔及利亚制定了一些行业发展计划，其中包括，农业及农村振兴计划；到2025年渔业和水产养殖发展计划；旅游业发展总体规划；到2030年使可再生能源（包括太阳能、热能和风能）规模达到22000兆瓦的规划。
坚决遵守国际仲裁协议。阿尔及利亚是国际投资者保护公约的成员国，因此会坚决执行国际担保和仲裁的相关内容。在促进投资和互相保护方面，阿尔及利亚与其他国家签署了48个双边协议。针对非双重征税，与65个国家签署了双边协议。
投资者在阿尔及利亚投资可以享受到阿尔及利亚签署的国际协议中的所有优惠条件，特别是2002年4月签署并于2005年9月开始执行的欧盟-阿尔及利亚联合协议和阿拉伯自由贸易区协议。
上述优势已经吸引了许多国家的投资者，包括中国的公司。我们希望有更多的中国投资者能够抓住机会，在阿尔及利亚发挥所长。（编辑：张梅）
Factors That Drive Investment in Algeria
By H.E Ahcène Boukhelfa, Ambassador of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria in China；Photo by Armene·G
Algeria and China are strategic partners,their friendship runs deep. The two countries established diplomatic relationsome 59 years ago.Over the years they have been supporting, trusting, andcooperating with each other and they maintained regular political exchanges andcontinued to keep close consultation and coordination in regional andinternational affairs.
In 2014, Algerian PresidentAbdelazizBouteflika and President Xi Jinping were elevated the relationsbetween the two country to a Global strategic partnership, which is the firstGlobal strategic partnership China has established with the Arab countries.
China is the first economic partner ofAlgeria, there are currently more than 1000 Chinese companies active inAlgeria, including 100 companies with headquarters and branches, and more than55.000 Chinese residents in my country, and we highly encourage more Chinesecompanies to invest in Algeria in various sectors.
Furthermore, business-friendly climate,Algeria is one of the important economic of Africa, with an area of 2,381,741square kilometers;Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and thelargest in Africa, the Mediterranean Rim and the Arab world.
As part of the program of the President ofAlgeria His Excellency Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA, Algeria has launched a strategy togrow its economy with the specific aim of improving the competitiveness of itsnational commerce. The key of this economic policy is promoting Algeria asdestination and attract foreign direct investment in order to, on the one hand,reduce the number of imports, and on the other hand, diversify nationalexports.
There are several fields of investment inmy country, the petrochemicals industry remains the leading recipient offoreign investment. Outside of the oil and gas industry, the investors areshowing an increasing appetite for opportunities, especially chemicals andmetallurgy, telecommunications, construction, agriculture and tourism.
Many factors affect the amount ofinvestment that pours into Algeria, the most important are:
A great source of energy and naturalresource
Algeria has substantial and diversifiednatural wealth, especially in hydrocarbons, where it occupies the 15th range infield of oil reserves (45 billion of tons in oil equivalent), the 18th in fieldof production, and the 12th in exports.
Its capacities of refining may reach 22million of tons per year. Concerning the gas, Algeria occupies the 7th range inthe world in field of proved resources, the 5th in production and the 3rd inexports.
A real giant of energy, Algeria, strong ofits reserves, production and exportation of natural gas, has no rival in theMediterranean where it is ranked the 1st oil and natural gas producer andexporter. Algeria is also the third supplier of the European Union in naturalgas.Algeria has also a solar potential: 3000 hours of sunshine per year.
In addition to these resources, Algeriahides in its underground huge deposits of iron phosphate, Zinc, Uranium, etc.
This abundance of energy and naturelresources contributes to the success of any investment project in Algeria.
Qualified Human resource
Qualified human resources are our mostvaluableasset and one of our wisest investments for the future. Algeriahasgiven an important place for education in its national policies; there are some8.5 million students in primary and secondary schools in the country (5.5% ofGDP devoted to education). Algerians enjoy free education, which is compulsoryup to the age of 16 (86% literacy rate)
There are1.5 million students in highereducation including 35,000 registered in doctoral training and 90,000 intechnical areas in 106 universities spread over 48 provinces,covering theentire national territory (6.24% of the state operating budget goes to highereducation). There are also 2, 500, 000 graduates since 1962, and 643,700 enrolledin vocational education with an average of 200,000 graduating every year.
In addition, there are centers forprofessional training at the level of most communes.
This qualified labor force is a goodopportunity for the investors in Algeria.
Infrastructures
Algeria has an important network ofinfrastructure, especially in field of transport, which plays a major role infacilitating the movement of goods.
The Algerian road network is the densest inAfrica:
Roads: 112,039 km of roads and highways (40thnetwork World, 3rd in Africa) of which 29,573 km of national roads.
The East-West Highway is a majorinfrastructure project. It is a, 1216 kilometer-long highway, linking Annaba inthe extreme east to the Tlemcen in the far west.
Algeria is also crossed by the Trans-SaharaHighway, which is now completely paved. This road is supported by the Algeriangovernment to increase trade between the six countries crossed: Algeria, Mali,Niger, Nigeria, Chad and Tunisia.
Airports: 36 airports, of which 16 international.
Ports: 45 maritime infrastructures, ofwhich 11 commercial ports, two oil ports, 31 fishing ports, one (01) marina and2,200 maritime traffic lights
Railways network: 4498 km of railway network
This infrastructure facilitates the accessto border markets, the Mediterranean Sea on the North and all the regions inthe world.
Advantages of the Algerian market
The Algerian market is one of the importantmarkets in Africa and the Arab world, it contain in particular:
– 40 million consumers
– $ 46. 7 billion of imports in 2016
– $ 262 billion of public investment forthe time span 2015-2019
Ambitious policies of development andsectors' strategies
The Algerian authorities are putting largesums of money for development (200 billion dollars for the 2004-2009 program,286 billion dollars for the 2010-2014 program and 262 billion of publicinvestment for the 2015-2019 program).
The new industrial revival policyhighlighting 12 strategic sectors, namely the steel and metalworking, hydraulicbinders, electrical and household appliances, industrial chemistry, mechanicsand automotive, pharmaceutical production, aerospace, construction and shiprepair, advanced technology, food processing, textiles and clothing, leatherand timber products, wood and furniture industry as well as outsourcing.
– Agricultural and Rural Renewal Program.
– Development Plan of Fisheries andAquaculture Activities by 2025.
– The Master Plan for Tourism Development.
– Renewable Energy Program (solar, thermaland wind) to produce 22000MW by 2030.
New law for promotion of investment inAlgeria
Algeria has adopted on 3 August 2016 a newlaw on the promotion of investment (Law No. 16-09). The adoption of this Law ispart of an approach to improve the business climate in Algeria, initiated bythe Algerian authorities.
The investment projects may enjoy, underthe Law No. 16-09, from tax exemptions and reductions, depending on the projectlocation and impact on the economic and social development.
An intensified protection and internationalarbitration agreements
– Algeria is membership to internationalinvestor’s protection conventions, relating to international guarantees andarbitration;
– Signing of 48 bilateral agreements andagreements on the investments promotion and reciprocal protection;
– Signing of 65 bilateral agreements onnon-double taxation.
Advantages of agreements signed by Algeria
The Investors benefit from the advantagesof the international agreements signed by Algeria, especially the EU-AlgeriaAssociation Agreement was signed in April 2002 and entered into force inSeptember 2005 and The Greater Arab Free Trade Area.
Conclusion
These factors have attracted investors frommany countries including Chinese companies, we encourage others investors inChina to avail themselves of this possibilities of investment in Algeria.
There are enormous opportunities. Welcometo investors!