苏丹投资指南
文I阿巴斯·亚辛（Abbas Yassin） 苏丹驻华使馆参赞 翻译I邓哲远
● 苏丹战略地位
●苏丹的资源
●投资环境
●主要投资机会
苏丹共和国位于非洲东北部，北与埃及接壤，东临红海、厄立特里亚和埃塞俄比亚，南接南苏丹，西南部与中非共和国相邻，西部与乍得接壤，西北与利比亚接壤。苏丹政体为联邦政府体制，货币是苏丹镑。阿拉伯语是主要语言，英语也被广泛使用。
目前苏丹人口略多于3700万，总面积718.722平方英里，是非洲第三大国。首都喀土穆是位于青白尼罗河交汇处。苏丹资源，特别是自然资源十分丰富。
农业是苏丹的支主业，吸收了全国80％以上的劳动力，占国内生产总值的39％。主要农产品有棉花、花生、高粱、小米、小麦、阿拉伯树胶、芝麻以及绵羊等牲畜。此外，苏丹还有最适合耕种的广袤沃土，以及河流和水源。苏丹拥有非洲最肥沃的土地，拥有大型水库和足够的降水，可以大规模种植小麦、棉花、玉米、甘蔗、芝麻等作物。苏丹的矿产资源特别丰富，有黄金、铜、铁、铀、铬等矿产。最重要的是，苏丹的河流和水源非常丰富（青白尼罗河、阿特巴拉河、特克泽河、加什河）。苏丹以地中海气候为主，夏季炎热干燥，冬季温和多雨，雨季持续约三个月（7月至9月）。苏丹有许多旅游区，如南部的丹德动物园、北部的金字塔、东部的海洋、西部的金色沙丘，以及不同地区的山脉和绿地。多年来，苏丹建立了良好的基础设施，如铁路、桥梁和道路以及自由贸易区。该地区各国之间的互联互通，特别是苏丹的地理位置使其成为阿拉伯世界与非洲大陆之间的纽带。
中苏关系可以追溯到1959年，当时苏丹是撒哈拉以南非洲第一个承认中国的国家。今天，中国是苏丹最大的投资国，是苏丹对外关系、政治、经济领域最重要的合作伙伴，在地区和国际舞台上有着共同关心的问题。“一带一路”倡议可能会为苏丹提供大量投资机会，在这一倡议下，中国将在沿线国家建立大型项目。苏丹通过与中国签署谅解备忘录，寻求在运输和能源领域推进一系列重要项目，并实现铁路现代化，连接苏丹与所在地区，为这些国家提供出海通道。
苏丹战略地位
内陆邻国的出口，比邻撒哈拉以南非洲地区粮食短缺国家。从苏丹港到吉达仅需8小时海上航程，有通往埃及和埃塞俄比亚的平坦柏油路，通往乍得的柏油路正在建设中
与大阿拉伯地区自由贸易区（GAFTA）签署贸易协议，市场覆盖2亿居民。是东部和南部非洲共同市场国家，覆盖4亿居民。
苏丹的资源
可再生水资源：尼罗河、青尼罗河、白尼罗河、阿特巴拉河、季节性河流、降水、地下含水层（苏丹80％的国土位于尼罗河流域），平均估计为101立方米。
耕地面积：1.4亿公顷，其中农业用地只有20％被开垦。动物超过1亿头。
苏丹拥有多种矿产，包括金、银、铬、铁、锌、铜和锡，以及相当多的石油和天然气储量。著名风景旅游圣地为红海沿岸、西部的马拉山脉，青尼罗州和尼罗河河岸的库施王国考古遗址。
投资环境
农业项目享受零税率，并完全免除进口设备的关税。工业项目需缴纳10％的营业税，并完全免除关税。服务部门项目需缴纳15％的营业税，并完全免除关税。资本设备和生产投入在获得投资部认可的名单上免除增值税
关键产业/优先产业包括，农业和畜牧业，采矿业，石油业。服务业
农业领域具有比较优势的产业：
油籽：棉花、芝麻、向日葵、高粱 – 高产品种。大米：白和青尼罗州的旱稻。瓜尔豆胶：利润高，欧洲和非洲的需求量很大
多样的气候允许种植不同类型的水果： 南方油棕、北方椰枣，以及芒果、香蕉、番石榴和柑橘。蔬菜：番茄、土豆、洋葱、胡萝卜、秋葵、西瓜、黄瓜等。大多在冬季生产，此时可以销往寒冷的北半球
主要投资机会
农业领域，水果和蔬菜种植行业的农业灌溉计划;用水和灌溉服务，尤其是钻井公司以及井筒管和水管制造
根据现有的水平和未来的扩展计划，具有投资前景的项目包括，平整土地，机械化种植服务，除草剂和肥料，机械收割，填料。水果罐头和蔬菜种植，种植和加工油籽，用于葡萄糖和淀粉生产的玉米种植，阿拉伯胶、纸板和纸张、木材生产，木槿、酸豆、芒果和柑橘类水果的软饮料，酵母生产，肉制品生产，肥料和农药生产，制革厂和皮革制品业，制药业以及农业机械和设备组装。
畜牧业具有投资机会的项目，出口屠宰场，冷冻服务和运输，活体动物运输，渔业，家禽生产，乳制品生产，兽医服务。
基础设施领域，包括高速公路和桥梁建设，机场建设，住房和商业房地产，水坝和灌溉渠，发电和配电，城市和乡村饮用水
旅游业包括旅游景点如，除野生动物外，还有超过1亿头牲畜，包括牛、羊、骆驼和山羊等。河流和红海中的大量鱼类储备，估计约为110吨，进行潜水，水上运动等活动的沿海旅游村，酒店，摩托艇和潜水设备，考古遗址开发以及尼罗河旅游。（编辑：张梅）
Sudan Investment Guide
By Mr.Abbas Yassin, Counsellor of the Sudanese Embassy to China
●Country Profile
●Sudan’s Resources
● Investment Climate
● Key opportunity sectors Priority sectors
Sudan, a country located in Northeast Africa, is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east.
It also shares a border with South Sudan to the south, the Republic of Central Africa to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest.
Currently, Sudan’s population is estimated at over 37 million people, which occupies a total area of 718.722 square miles, making it the third largest country in Africa .
Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, is located at the confluence of the Blue and Nile.
Blessed with natural resources, agriculture remains the main source of income to many Sudanese which contribute to over 80 percent of the total workforce, contributing 39 percent of national Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Since agriculture is the backbone of the country’s economy, products such as cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum Arabic, sesame seeds and other livestock are very common with the country.
The county is also blessed with fertile land which makes farming very productive as well as the abundance of rivers and water sources.
Sudan has some of the most fertile land in Africa and has big reservoirs and decent annual rainfall which allows farmers to grow a big range of crops such as wheat, cotton, corn, sugarcane, sesame.
The land is not only rich for farming and agricultural production but it is also rich in mineral resources like gold, copper, iron, uranium, chromium.
Regarding climate conditions, the country experience a hot and dry weather during summer and warm and rainy weather condition during winter period.
The rainy season lasts for about three months that is from July to September every year.
Sudan is also very popular when it comes to tourism as it has more tourist attraction areas like Dander Zoo Park in the south, Pyramids in the north, diving in the East Sea, and in western Sudan is the Golden Sand Dunes in addition to mountains and green lands in different parts of the country.
Throughout the years, Sudan has built infrastructural projects such as railway lines, bridges, roads and free trade zones.
Sudan enjoys a geographical location that makes it a link between the Arab world and the African continent.
China-Sudan relations
Historically, China-Sudan relations date back to 1959 which makes Sudan the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to recognize China as a development partner.
Today, China is the largest investor in Sudan, and it is the most important partner in Sudan's external relations both political and economic, in addition to the various issues of mutual interest at all regional and international arena.
With regard to the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative which is likely to bring economic activities as well as to present great investment opportunities for Sudan under the huge projects that China would establish in countries covered by the initiative.
Sudan seeks to partner with China to establish a number of key projects in the field of transportation and energy as well as to modernize the railway to links Sudan to its neighbors by providing sea access to these countries.
Country Profile
• Area: 1882100 sq. kilometer
• Population: 37 million
• Federal government system
• Capital: Khartoum
• Currency:- Sudanese Pound
• Language:- Arabic is the main language (English is also widely used)
• Time Zone:- GMT+3
Basic information
Sudan Strategic Location
• Outlet to landlocked neighbouring countries
• Neighbours Key Food Deficit SSA Region
• 8 hours sea navigation from Port Sudan to Jeddah
• Smooth asphalt roads to Egypt & Ethiopia and the one to Chad is in progress
Trade Agreements:
• GAFTA 200 million inhabitants
• COMESA: FTA 400 million inhabitants
Sudan’s Resources
• Renewable Water Resources: River Nile, Blue Nile, White Nile, Atbara River, Seasonal streams, Rain-fall, Under-ground aquifers (80% of Sudan lies in Nile Basin), The average estimate amounts to 101 cubic meter.
• Arable Lands: 140 million hectares
• Agricultural Only 20% is cultivated
• Animal over 100 million heads
• Mineral numerous mineral
• Gold, silver, chrome, iron, zinc, cupper and tin in addition to considerable reserves of petroleum and natural gaz.
• Red sea coast, Gebel Marra in western Sudan
• Archeological sites of the old Kushite kingdom, Blue Nile state and River Nile banks.
Investment Climate
Incentives package
• Agricultural projects profits are taxed at 0% rate, and are fully exempted from custom duties on imported capital equipment.
• Industrial projects are subject to 10% Business Profit Tax, and enjoy full exemption from custom duties.
• Service sector projects are subject to 15% Business Profit Tax, and have a full exemption from custom duties.
• Capital equipment and production inputs are exempted from V.A.T upon a list accredited by the Ministry of Investment.
Key opportunity sectors Priority sectors:
1- Agricultural & Live Stock sector
2- Mining sector
3- Petroleum sector
4- Service Sector
Key Investment Opportunities- Agriculture
Irrigated Agricultural schemes in the field of fruits and vegetables…etc.
• Water and Irrigation services, especially companies that drill for water sources underground
• Manufacturing pipes for well-casing and water connections
Comparative advantages in the production of :
• Oil seeds: cotton, sesame, sunflower Sorghum – high yield varieties
• Rice: upland rice grown in white and Blue Nile
• Guar gum: very profitable, high demand in Europe and Africa
Diverse climate allows different types of fruits:
• Oil palms in South, Dates in North and Mango, Banana, Guava and Citruses
• Vegetables: tomato, potato, onions, carrots, okra, watermelon, cucumbers etc.
• Most are produced during winter when the Northern Hemisphere is very cold so marketing is available
Depending on the existing level and future plans for expansion the followings are the promising opportunities:
•Land preparation
•Mechanical planting operations
•Applications of herbicides and fertilizers
•Mechanical harvesting
•Packing
Key Investment Opportunities – Livestock
Live Stock Breeding
• Slaughterhouses for exports
• Freezing services and transport
• Live animal transport
• Fisheries
• Poultry production
• Dairy production
• Veterinary services
Key Investment Opportunities – Agro- industry
• Sugar production
• Fruits canning and vegetables
• Planting and processing oilseeds
• Maize for glucose and starch production
• Gum Arabic, Cardboard and paper, timber production
• Soft drinks from hibiscus, Aradeep, mango and citrus fruits
• Yeast production
• Meat products
• Fertilizers and pesticides
• Tanneries and leather products
• Pharmaceuticals
• Agricultural machinery and equipment assembly
Key Investment Opportunities- Service Sector – Infrastructural projects Strategy of focusing on infrastructure to accelerate development:
Highways and bridges
• Airports
• Housing and commercial real estates
• Dams and irrigation canals
• Electric power generation and distribution
• Urban and rural drinking water
Key Investment Opportunities – Tourism projects
Tourism attractive tourist sites:
• Varieties of livestock amounting to over 100 million heads including Cattle, Sheep ,Camels and Goats in addition to wildlife.
• Considerable fish reserve from rivers and Red Sea estimated at 110 tons
• Coastal tourist villages for diving, water sports etc.
• Hotels
• Motor-boats and diving equipment
• Development of archeological sites
• Tourist transport
• Utilizing the Nile for tourism
