“以物易物协定”帮助“加纳超越援助”
文| 本森·阿福尔（Benson Afful ） 加纳《商业金融时报》记者 翻译| 齐晓彤
导读：
此项协议将为加纳的基础设施建设注入新的资金来源，同时加纳不会出口原铝矿，而是在加纳本国先加工再出口
加纳总统纳纳·阿库福-阿多与中国主席习近平在今年九月中非合作论坛北京峰会召开期间会晤，随后加纳与中国水利水电建设股份有限公司达成了20亿美元铝土岩协议。以中国水利水电建设股份有限公司价值20亿美元的设施换取开采自加纳铝土岩矿床的铝矿，是这则以物易物协定的内容，目的是加强加纳基础设施建设。
中国水利水电建设股份有限公司需要提供的20亿美元基础设施包括公路、桥梁、交通立体枢纽、医院、住房、农村电网，以换取加纳的精炼铝土矿。
预计有超过53个大型基础设施项目将在加纳全国范围内先行开工，涉及 5亿美金的资金投入，为总计20亿美金的协定排头阵。
此项协议被视为拥有破局的重要意义，加纳总统纳纳·阿库福-阿多在华签署协议，为接下来数周项目的开展铺路。报告显示，纳纳·阿库福-阿多政府将负责几架一级公路的施工，包括复式车行道与立交桥。
此次访华之行中，面对在华生活的加纳人，纳纳·阿库福-阿多总统如是说，“在与习近平主席的会面中，我终于完成了这项以物易物贸易协议的签署。”他说此项协议将为加纳的基础设施建设注入新的资金来源，用以提振公路、医院、学校等方面的建设。他补充道，加纳不会出口原铝矿，而是在加纳本国先加工再出口，双方对此达成共识，并写入协议中。
纳纳·阿库福-阿多总统表示，加纳希望通过工业化改造提高自然资源的附加价值，开创全新的发展道路，进而结束依赖自然资源出口的时代。“我们坚持将原材料加工后再出口”，他如是说。他向加纳移民保证，非法采矿者造成环境污染、水体污染的行径不可饶恕，本届政府在与非法矿采进行不懈斗争。
纳纳·阿库福-阿多总统说他已经获悉非法矿采活动涉及到个别中国公民，与习主席的会面中他提出了这点顾虑并从习主席那里获得了满意的答复。“习主席答复我的方式令我非常高兴，他承认加纳法律对参与非法活动的相关人士有绝对制裁权。”
据加纳总统纳纳·阿库福-阿多表示，对于中国在加纳基础设施建设方面的投入，加纳给予肯定，他表示法律会保护每一位在加纳进行合法生意的中国人。
“中国是加纳最大的贸易伙伴，对加纳的基础设施建设做出了卓越贡献，我们欢迎中国投资加纳经济。不过，中国人想来加纳投资，我们毫无意见；但进行非法采矿的勾当，就别怪我们有意见了。”
针对加纳非法矿采的现象，以及存在中国公民涉案的情况，习主席向纳纳·阿库福-阿多总统承诺，中国政府会与“加纳政府一道解决问题”，并表示对加纳执法部门在非法采矿方面采取的行动给予认可。
此外，习近平主席表示中国会为加纳提供2亿人民币援资，折合3千万美元，以帮助有效落实纳纳·阿库福-阿多总统的经济政策。与此同时，习主席表示，由中国政府发起的在加纳一些地区修建1000口机井的工程将要竣工，该工程会保障饮用水供应。
习主席向加纳总统表示，中国援助加纳进行詹姆斯敦渔港综合体的建设、海岸角体育馆的扩建、位于霍的卫生与联合科学大学二期扩建项目的启动，以及按照纳纳·阿库福-阿多总统增加加纳原材料附加值的设想，中方援建这些项目的决心一往如初。
据习主席所言，该合作保证中、加两方实现互利共赢。
习主席表示中国支持纳纳·阿库福-阿多总统 提出的“加纳超越援助”的设想。他说中国政府会鼓励中国企业赴加投资，利用好加纳政府的旗舰项目，例如“一区一厂”、“为了粮食与就业而种植”计划，以及基础设施发展倡议,尤其是针对公路、铁路和能源部门等领域。
纳纳·阿库福-阿多总统对习主席说，加纳正在考虑在“一带一路”倡议框架下修建铁路网，连接加纳与马格里布地区，并由此重建从西非南部到北非的旧贸易路线。（编辑：裴安迪）
英文版：
Ghana has concluded a US$2billion bauxite deal with Sinohydro Group Limited after a meeting between President Nana Akufo-Addo and China’s President Xi Jinping during the Beijing summit of Forum on China Africa Cooperation in September. The barter trade deal would be in exchange for alumina processed from bauxite deposits in the Ghana for a facility of US$2 billion from Sinohydro Group Limited for infrastructural development.
Sinohydro Group Limited is expected to provide US$2 billion of infrastructure including roads, bridges, interchanges, hospitals, housing, rural electrification, in exchange for Ghana’s refined bauxite.
It is expected that over 53 major infrastructural projects are to be executed across the country with about US$500 million, being the first tranche of the US$2 billion Chinese deal.
The deal has been described as game-changer, and President Akufo-Addo’s visit to China has finanlised the deal to pave way for the projects to start in the coming weeks. According to reports, several first-class roads, including dual carriages and overpasses, are to be constructed by Akufo-Addo administration.
Speaking to Ghanaians living in China during his visit, President Akufo-Addo said: “I have finally concluded the barter trade deal agreement with President Xi during our meeting.” He said this is a new source of funding that will be used to boost Ghana’s infrastructure in the area of roads, hospitals, schools among others. He added that it was agreed as part of the deal that the bauxite will not be exported in it raw state but will be refined in the country before export.
President Akufo-Addo said Ghana wants to chart a new path of adding value to it natural resources through industrialization so the era where the country export it natural resources is over. “We will insist that the raw materials are process before it is exported out of the country,” he said. He assured the Ghanaians in Diaspora that his government is still committed to the fight against illegal mining as it is unacceptable to see the country’s environment and water bodies polluted by the activities of illegal miners.
He said he is aware some of these activities involve some Chinese nationals and so in his meeting with President Xi he raised it and that he was satisfied with the response he got from the Chinese president.“Am very happy in the manner President Xi responded. He recognized that the Ghanaian laws have every right to deal with people who engage in illegal activities.
According to President Akufo-Addo Ghana recognize the effort of Chinese contribution into Ghana’s infrastructural development, saying the laws will protect every Chinese who is doing a legitimate business in Ghana.
“We welcome Chinese investment in our economy, china is the largest trading partner of Ghana, and they have made significant contribution in Ghana’s infrastructural development. So we have no problem with Chinese investment in Ghana but we do have a problem with those who engage in illegal mining.”
On the matter of illegal mining in Ghana, and the involvement of some Chinese nationals in the phenomenon, the Chinese President assured President Akufo-Addo that his government will “co-operate with Ghana and tackle the problem”, and indicated his full acceptance of the enforcement of Ghanaian law in the area of illegal mining.
President Xi Jinping also indicated that China will provide a grant of 200 million Chinese Yuan, the equivalent of $30 million, to Ghana, to assist in the effective implementation of the economic policies of President Akufo-Addo. Additionally, the project embarked on by the Chinese government to construct 1,000 boreholes across some parts of Ghana, which will help in ensuring access to potable water, he said, will be completed.
The Chinese President also assured Ghana of China’s commitment to financing the construction of the Jamestown Fishing Port Complex, the expansion of the Cape Coast Sports Stadium, the commencement of the Phase 2 expansion project of the University of Health and Allied Sciences in Ho, and the construction of a new cocoa processing facility, in line with President Akufo- Addo’s vision of adding value to Ghana’s raw materials
According to President Xi such co-operation will inure to the benefit of the two countries.
President Xi said China will also support President Akufo Addo’s vision of building a ‘Ghana Beyond Aid,” He said his government will encourage Chinese firms to invest in Ghana, and take advantage of Ghana government’s flagship programmes such as 1- District-1-Factory, Programme for Planting for Food and Jobs, infrastructural development initiatives, particularly in the roads, railway, and energy sectors, amongst others.
