互联互通 联接两国发展之路

曾经，伟大的丝绸之路对于不同国家和人民有着重要意义，推动着广阔的欧亚大陆上的经贸关系发展。而且，以伟大的丝绸之路为渠道进行着信息的交换、新型产品和农作物的推广，各大文明互鉴互补。
现今乌兹别克斯坦的疆域上坐落着的那些如塔什干、撒马尔罕、布哈拉和希瓦这样古城，曾经位于丝绸之路中心，是连接欧洲地区和亚洲地区的独特桥梁。几个世纪后的今天，中国国家主席习近平提出的一带一路倡议旨在复兴这条古老的丝绸之路，促进深化贸易和投资、交通通讯和能源、基础设施发展和旅游业领域的合作。

联通“中国—中亚—西亚”经济走廊
2019年4月27日乌兹别克斯坦共和国总统沙夫卡特·米尔济约耶夫在第二届一带一路国际合作高峰论坛上发表演讲时强调：“国际和地区互联互通问题对中亚地区，包括我们这个没有直接出海口的国家来说，一直是重要问题。乌兹别克斯坦一直支持一带一路倡议，该倡议的实施是我们这些国家稳定发展的重要因素。”
乌兹别克斯坦总统也提到了建设“中国—中亚—西亚”经济走廊的重要意义。“在‘黄海港口—中亚—欧洲’路线实行铁路运输联运,在经济上是可行的”，沙夫卡特·米尔济约耶夫说。
米尔济约耶夫称，意识到克服咸海地区干燥气候对环境造成的不利后果是一项共同的任务，他邀请合作伙伴参与联合国主持下的咸海地区多伙伴信托基金，以及在咸海地区建立环境创新和科技园区。
的确，在各方共同的努力下， 一带一路倡议框架下的双边合作正积极发展。
2016年在乌兹别克斯坦和中国的共同努力下，有安格连—帕普铁路的“咽喉”之称的卡姆奇克隧道正式通车。近年来三国也在积极展开关于乌兹别克斯坦—吉尔吉斯斯坦—中国的铁路建设的谈判。“中国—中亚—西亚”经济走廊是通过吉尔吉斯斯坦连接乌兹别克斯坦和中国的最短陆路途径。在其建成投入运营后，将大大缩短入关时间，同时缩短货物运输时间，从东亚运到中东和南欧国家只需要7—8天。
总长度超过900公里的“塔什干—安集延—奥什—伊尔克什坦—喀什”国际公路运输线路自2018年2月正式开通，这条运输线路的正式运营显著提升了货物在各国市场上的流通量。
今年四月初，乌兹别克斯坦加入了“中国—哈萨克斯坦—土库曼斯坦—伊朗”的铁路运输走廊，得益于此，与海路运输货物相比，货物运输时间缩短了一半。由于乌兹别克斯坦加入到该线路运输中，欧亚大陆货物运输时间将有更大幅度的缩减。

促进企业直接对话  加强地区合作
最近两年，不论是经济贸易，还是投资合作，都实现了质的飞跃。截至2018年底，两国的贸易额达到了64亿美元，增长了35％，如今，在乌兹别克斯坦的中国企业数量超过了100家。
去年，青岛上合峰会期间，乌兹别克斯坦共和国总统访华，期间签署了总额为68.6亿美元的46项投资项目。其中有31.1亿是直接投资。除此之外，2018年中国企业在乌兹别克斯坦实施的直接投资资本总额超过了5亿美金。
被乌兹别克斯坦列为优先发展的还有高技术和创新领域。其发展目标是建设工业技术园区、科学创新集群和自由经济贸易区。其中，加强两国企业直接对话、加强地区间合作非常重要。
2018年，是两国地区间协作发展层面突破性的一年。乌兹别克斯坦11个地区的领导访问了中国的许多大城市和工业发达地区，期间签署了总额超过30亿美元的经贸和投资项目。

旅游合作日益升温
这样高水平的乌中关系为深化两国各领域，不仅是政治经济领域，还有文化人文领域的合作奠定了坚实基础。
乌兹别克斯坦和中国一样，是有着独特丰富历史文化遗产和古建筑遗迹的国家。向世界敞开大门的乌兹别克斯坦成为了伟大的丝绸之路上最吸引游客的中心地带之一，也是该旅游线路上最有趣的一环。2018年前往乌兹别克斯坦的游客数量创下了纪录——超过530万人，这一数字比2017年增长了1倍。
同样令人感到高兴的是赴乌旅游的中国游客数量也在增加。其中，2018年这一数字增加了111％，即35000人。我们将尽一切努力在未来几年继续提升这一数字。

共同协商 互利共赢
中国最近5年来取得的成就也证明了这一点。而取得如此巨大成果的背后， 共同协商和互利共赢是必要条件。只有在共同协商和考虑各方利益的条件下，各国才能成为有着共同战略目标和任务的长期合作伙伴。
值得一提的是，乌兹别克斯坦2017年-2021年期间五个优先发展领域的发展战略与一带一路倡议有着很多契合点。乌兹别克斯坦和中国对一带一路倡议框架下的合作都有着相互之间的兴趣——这也是两国间成功开展协作的重要条件。
如今，乌兹别克斯坦共和国和中国的关系将达到高水平的全面战略伙伴关系。有以下几点促成因素。
首先，两国领导人之间形成了开放、信任的关系，两国元首每年不仅在互访活动框架下举行双边会谈，同时也在国际论坛平台上举行双边会谈。这也是未来两国全面战略伙伴关系进一步巩固的保证。
其次，乌兹别克斯坦和中国——是由几千年以来形成的世纪友谊和合作关系联结在一起的邻国。现在的乌兹别克斯坦和中国是亲近的战略合作伙伴，在平等互重互利的原则基础上，坚定地对多领域长期合作关系进行全面深化。
第三，乌兹别克斯坦和中国在上合组织和一带一路框架下积极协作。乌兹别克斯坦作为历史上的丝绸之路上的国家，是中国在一带一路框架下的重要合作伙伴。
第四，乌兹别克斯坦和中国有着相近的立场和解决地区国际问题的方式。两国在关键的安全问题上，特别是在中亚地区安全问题上，相互支持。
在最近的十年里，得益于改革开放政策的施行，中国成为了世界上第二大经济体，在全球发展进程中扮演着火车头的角色。有超过80个国家参与了中国国家主席习近平提出的一带一路倡议，这也是最好的证明。
从一方面来说，正如上文所提到的，乌兹别克斯坦进入了大规模快速经济改革时期，其中，中国凭借着自身巨大的金融投资、创新技术潜力成为了乌兹别克斯坦的重要合作伙伴。另一方面，中国也有意愿与乌兹别克斯坦开展紧密协作，和中亚这个高速成长的巨大市场进行合作，和连接欧亚的交通走廊交叉点上的这个历史性枢纽进行合作。
总之，乌兹别克斯坦和中国都对对方有着浓厚的兴趣。而这也是两国在一带一路框架下成功合作的重要保障。
我相信，一带一路倡议这一涉及地球上60％的人口的大型项目的实施，将推动世界走向和平安宁、繁荣发展的道路，加强国与国、人民与人民之间的合作与友谊。

⬆2016年6月22日，全长19.2公里的卡姆奇克隧道正式通车

英文版

Connectivity: Linking Both Countries’Roads to Development

By  Shukhrat Umirov

In the past, the Great silk road was of great importance in relations between different States and peoples, promoting the development of trade relations in the vast expanse of Eurasia. Moreover, through the Great Silk road there was an exchange of information, spread new products and crops, there was mutual enrichment of different cultures and civilizations.
The territory of modern Uzbekistan, its ancient cities such as Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva were in the heart of the Great Silk road, acting as a bridge between the regions of Asia and Europe. Today, centuries later, the initiative "One belt, One road" put forward by Chinese President XI Jinping is designed to revive this ancient Silk road, contributing to the deepening of cooperation in the fields of trade and investment, transport communications and energy, infrastructure development and tourism.
It is these issues that are at the forefront of the large-scale reforms carried out in Uzbekistan today, identified by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev as priorities for Uzbekistan. Thus, on April 27, 2019, President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev spoke at the Second International forum "One belt, One road". In his speech, Shavkat Mirziyoyev stressed that "the issues of international and regional interconnectedness have always been and remain relevant for Central Asia, including our country, which has no direct access to sea ports. Uzbekistan initially supported the initiative "One belt, One road", the implementation of which is an important factor in the sustainable development of our countries".
The President of Uzbekistan also noted the importance of the formation of the China – Central Asia – West Asia economic corridor. Great prospects are opening up with the launch of the Tashkent – Andijan – Osh – Irkeshtam – Kashgar auto corridor. Uzbekistan – Kyrgyzstan – China and Mazari-Sharif – Kabul – Peshawar railway construction projects are acquire of strategic importance.
It is also economically feasible to establish a through tariff for rail transport on the route: the ports of the Yellow sea – Central Asia – Europe, – said Shavkat Mirziyoyev.
Noting that overcoming the harmful environmental consequences of the drying up of the Aral sea is a common task, Shavkat Mirziyoyev invited partners to participate in the activities of the multi-partner trust Fund for the Aral sea region under the auspices of the UN, as well as in the creation of the zone of environmental innovation and technology in the Aral sea region.
Indeed, thanks to common efforts, in recent years we have seen an active development of bilateral cooperation within the framework of the "One belt, One road" initiative.
In 2016, a railway tunnel on the Uzbek high mountain pass Kamchik was put into operation in the shortest possible time by the joint efforts of Uzbekistan and China. This section is intended not in the long term to become a strategic section of emerging new international routes along the "One belt, One road". With this in mind, in recent years, intensified negotiations on the early start of construction of the railway Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan-China. This corridor is the shortest route connecting the land communications of Uzbekistan and China through Kyrgyzstan. In the case of its construction and commissioning, transport, customs and other costs, as well as the delivery time of goods – 7-8 days from East Asia to the Middle East and southern Europe will be significantly reduced.
A significant event in this area was the opening in February 2018 of the international automobile route "Tashkent – Andijan – Osh – Irkeshtam – Kashgar" with a length of more than 900 km. The launch of this international road corridor has significantly increased the volume of mutual supplies to our markets of various goods.
At the beginning of April this year, Uzbekistan joined the China–Kazakhstan–Turkmenistan–Iran railway corridor, through which the period of delivery of goods will be reduced by more than 2 times compared to deliveries by sea. With the participation of Uzbekistan in this route is expected to further reduce the time of movement of goods in the Eurasian space.
In the last two years, there has been a qualitatively new positive dynamics of cooperation, both in the field of trade and economy, and in the field of investment. At the end of 2018, the trade turnover between our countries reached 6.4 billion dollars., increasing by 35%. Today, the number of Chinese companies present in the Uzbek market has exceeded 1 thousand, which operate in various sectors of the economy.
Last year, during the visit of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to China in the framework of the SCO summit in Qingdao, 46 investment projects worth $ 6.86 billion were signed. We cannot but rejoice at the fact that $ 3.11 billion of them have been allocated. – this is direct investment. Moreover, in 2018, the volume of direct investments of Chinese companies in Uzbekistan exceeded $ 500 million.
Along with the above directions, the priorities are joint projects in the sphere of high technologies and innovations. The common task should be to create integrated industrial techno parks, scientific and innovative clusters and free economic zones along the line of the Silk road Economic belt, the land component of the "One belt, One road". At the same time, it is important to develop direct dialogue between the business circles of the two countries and strengthen interregional cooperation.
It should be noted that last 2018 was a breakthrough year in terms of the development of cooperation between the regions of our countries. In 2018, the leaders of 11 regions of Uzbekistan visited large and industrialized provinces of China, during which fruitful negotiations were held. As a result, trade, economic and investment agreements worth more than $ 3 billion were signed.
Such a high level of Uzbek-Chinese relations lays a solid foundation for deepening cooperation in various spheres, not only in the political and economic, but also in the cultural and humanitarian sphere. I would like to focus on the potential of cooperation between our countries in the tourism sector.
Uzbekistan, like China, is a colorful country with a rich historical and cultural heritage, unique ancient architectural monuments. Opening to the world, Uzbekistan is becoming one of the most attractive tourist centers on the Great Silk road, a very interesting part of this route. In 2018, Uzbekistan was visited by a record number of foreign tourists – more than 5.3 million people, which is 2 times more than in 2017.
It is also encouraging to note the increasing flow of Chinese tourists to Uzbekistan. In particular, in 2018 their number increased by 111%, exceeding 35 thousand people. We are making every effort to multiply these figures in the coming years.
Such impressive results could not have been achieved without "joint consultations", mutual consideration of the interests of the parties involved in the implementation of projects under the "One belt, One road". Of course, only then will countries become long-term partners, guided by common strategic goals and objectives.
It should be noted that the Strategy of actions in five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 years many points of intersection with the initiative "One belt, One road".
The presence of a strong mutual interest in Uzbekistan and China to cooperate in the format of the "Belt and Road" initiative is the main condition for successful cooperation between our countries.
I would like to emphasize that today the relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the People's Republic of China have reached a high level of comprehensive strategic partnership. This is facilitated by the following factors.
First, there are personal, open, trusting relations between the leaders of our countries, who hold bilateral meetings on an annual basis not only within the framework of mutual visits, but also on the sidelines of international forums. This is the most important guarantee for the further strengthening of relations of comprehensive strategic partnership between the two countries.
Secondly, Uzbekistan and China are neighboring States that have been forming centuries-old ties of friendship and cooperation for thousands of years. Today, Uzbekistan and China are close strategic partners, which are firmly aimed at all-round deepening of long-term multifaceted cooperation, based on the principles of equality, mutual respect and benefit.
Thirdly, Uzbekistan and China unite active cooperation within the SCO and the "One belt, One road" initiative. The Republic of Uzbekistan, as a country historically located on the Great Silk road, is an important partner of the PRC within the "One belt, One road".
Fourthly, Uzbekistan and China have similar or coinciding positions and approaches on many topical issues of the regional and international agenda. Our States support each other on key security issues, especially in Central Asia.
During these decades, thanks to the policy of reform and openness, China has become the second economy in the world, playing the role of the locomotive of global development. The nomination by President XI Jinping of the "One belt, One road" initiative, which was attended by more than 80 countries, is a clear confirmation of this.
On the one hand, Uzbekistan, as noted above, has entered a period of dynamic large-scale economic reforms, in which China, due to its huge financial, investment, innovation and technological potential, acts as an important partner. On the other hand, China is interested in close cooperation with Uzbekistan, both with the largest fast-growing market in Central Asia, and the historical hub at the crossroads of transport corridors connecting Asia and Europe.
In short, there is a mutual long-term interest in Uzbekistan and China. And this is, without a doubt, the main guarantee of successful cooperation between our countries within the framework of the "One belt, One road" initiative.
I am confident that the implementation of this large-scale project, which now covers more than 60% of the world's population, will contribute to the formation of a single belt of peace, prosperity and progress, strengthening cooperation and friendship between our countries and peoples.