New Export Strategies of Uzbekistan乌兹别克斯坦的出口新战略

In today’s global landscape, finding new markets is crucial, especially with ongoing trade restrictions. This effort is vital for boosting population income, creating jobs, and increasing production. The free market also drives product quality improvements, cost reductions, technological advancements, market reforms, and integration into the global production system.

● Current Trade Landscape
As of the first half of this year, Uzbekistan has established trade relations with 186 countries, achieving a foreign trade turnover of $31.8 billion. Exports alone accounted for $13 billion, marking a 5.5% increase from the previous year. China leads as Uzbekistan’s top export destination with an 18.5% share, followed by Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkey, and Korea.

● Rising Exporters
The number of Uzbek exporters has reached 5,682, with goods and services worth about $8.7 billion exported in the last six months, excluding non-monetary gold. This figure represents a 10.9% increase from the same period in 2023. The largest share of foreign trade in the first half of 2024 was with CIS countries ($11 billion), EOII countries ($8.4 billion), other countries ($20.9 billion), and EU countries ($3.1 billion).

● Vision 2030: A Strategic Outlook
The “Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy outlines key tasks to enhance the national economy’s export potential and increase the share of high-value products. The plan aims to double exports to $45 billion, increase the number of exporting enterprises from 6,500 to 15,000, and boost the volume of finished and semi-finished products by 3.3 times. Additionally, the export of finished and technological products to European countries under “GSP+” and other systems will be expanded. The number of enterprises meeting international standards will increase tenfold to 5,000. Special economic zones will be established with 50 prestigious global brands, and national brands will be supported in foreign markets under the “New Uzbekistan – the country of competitive products” initiative.

● Support for Local Enterprises
A list of 1,426 enterprises has been formed to help local businesses enter foreign markets. In 2023, 132 of these enterprises received natural gas and electricity, 103 were introduced to international standards and certificates, 10 received $4.8 million in export financing loans, and 9.2 billion soums were allocated to enhance product competitiveness. As a result, 183 enterprises found foreign partners and exported a total of $130 million. Additionally, 2,185 enterprises were involved in export activities, exporting $735 million.

● Future Projections
By the end of 2023, Uzbekistan’s exports (excluding special exports) are projected to reach $16.2 billion, a 104% increase from the previous year. This growth reflects the country’s strategic efforts to expand its export markets and integrate more deeply into the global economy.

Uzbekistan’s Export Boom: Key Drivers and Future Prospects

Uzbekistan’s export volumes have surged, driven by significant growth in several key sectors. Electrical engineering exports hit $1 billion, up 26%, while the automobile industry saw $682 million in exports, a 23% increase. The oil and gas sector contributed $509 million (10% growth), pharmaceuticals $130 million (95% growth), transport $1.6 billion (8% growth), tourism $2.1 billion (32% growth), and information technology $487 million (73% growth).

● Regional Highlights
Tashkent city and the Khorezm region led the way in export growth. Tashkent’s export volume reached $1.9 billion, a 9% increase, while Khorezm achieved $340 million, up 24%.

● Semi-Finished Products and Services
Exports of semi-finished products soared to $1.479 billion, a 117% increase, raising their share in the export structure from 8.9% to 9.9%. Notable contributions came from copper and copper products ($288 million, 117% growth), flour products ($376 million, 131% growth), metal products ($158 million, 124% growth), and oil products ($142 million, a 3.4-fold increase).
Services exports also saw a significant rise, reaching $4.823 billion, a 119% increase. The share of services in total exports grew from 28% to 32% compared to the previous year.

● Strategic Goals and Raw Materials
The strategic focus on high-value products has led to a reduction in raw material exports, which amounted to nearly $3 billion, 79% of the previous year’s figure. The share of raw materials in the export structure decreased from 27% to 20%.

● GSP+ System and Future Plans
Uzbekistan’s use of the “GSP+” system, which allows for the preferential supply of 6,200 types of goods to the European Union, has been extended until the end of 2027. In 2023, 1,351 enterprises benefited from this system, receiving support in standards, metrology, certification, quality management, packaging, labeling, and consulting services. In 2024, practical assistance will be extended to 2,000 enterprises, with international standards introduced to 822 of them. This initiative aims to double the export of local products to European markets, reaching $1 billion.

● Exporter Registration System (REX)
Goods exported to European markets are now registered in the Exporter Registration System (REX) in accordance with EU regulations. This system allows for the declaration of origin on invoices without issuing certificates, with EU customs authorities providing preferences electronically. Currently, 1,022 Uzbek exporters are registered in the REX system to receive benefits under “GSP+”.

Uzbekistan’s strategic efforts and reforms are clearly paying off, positioning the country for continued growth and deeper integration into the global economy.

Uzbekistan’s New Trade Horizons: Strategic Moves and Future Plans

● Preferential Trade Agreements
Uzbekistan’s preferential trade agreements with Pakistan and Turkey, effective from March 13, 2023, and July 1, 2023, respectively, have eliminated or reduced import customs duties for Uzbek products in these countries. This move is set to boost trade relations and open new markets for Uzbek goods.

● Expanding Fruit and Vegetable Exports
To further increase exports of fruit and vegetable products to China, South Korea, and Japan, a comprehensive “Road Map” project has been developed. This project, awaiting approval from the Government Commission on Investment Attraction, Industry Development, and Trade Regulation, outlines tasks for relevant ministries and agencies. Key initiatives include:

——Ensuring local enterprises’ participation in international exhibitions and fairs.
——Enhancing mutual transport infrastructure.
——Placing products on electronic trading platforms.
——Accelerating the signing of mutual trade agreements.
——Optimizing partial reimbursement of transportation costs during export.

● Simplified Export Guide to the EU
A simplified guide for exporting fruit and vegetable products to the EU is in the works. This manual will equip local enterprises with the knowledge and skills to leverage the GSP+ system of general preferences, facilitating their entry into European markets. Competing with EU manufacturers will incentivize Uzbek producers to modernize production and reduce costs.

● Reducing Barriers and Costs
Efforts are underway to reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers for importing necessary raw materials and to lower transport costs for delivering export goods to the EU and third countries. These measures aim to enhance the competitiveness of Uzbek goods in foreign markets.

● Global Economic Integration
Uzbekistan’s integration into the global economy is progressing rapidly, with active participation in international economic organizations. The country is prioritizing its membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) to benefit from uniform trade rules that liberalize and reduce trade barriers. Closer cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union (EOII) will also expand export opportunities for domestic products and help local businesses adapt to competitive environments.

● Support for Exporting Enterprises
To diversify export products and markets, Uzbekistan is fostering “horizontal and vertical cooperation” among ministries, agencies, commercial banks, and local government bodies. This coordinated effort supports exporting organizations from production to foreign consumer. The republican and regional export headquarters have received 382 appeals from exporting enterprises, with 255 resolved positively.

Uzbekistan’s strategic initiatives and reforms are paving the way for a robust export growth trajectory, positioning the country as a competitive player in the global market.

In 2023, the Export Promotion Agency’s financial assistance led to an additional $2.4 billion in exports. Specific achievements include:

——41 out of 59 issues resolved for working capital loans.
——6 out of 11 credit period extensions granted.
——65 out of 87 value-added tax returns processed.
——91 out of 108 issues resolved for uninterrupted electricity and natural gas supply.
——52 out of 117 problems addressed in customs control, quarantine inspection, and other areas.

● Banking Support
Through 18 commercial banks, $284 million was allocated to 334 enterprises for export-related trade operations and pre-export financing loans, resulting in $330 million in export volumes.

● E-Commerce Initiatives
Modern online trading platforms have been pivotal in finding and developing promising foreign markets. In 2023, the Export Promotion Agency provided 4.2 billion soums to 112 local exporting enterprises for registration on platforms like Alibaba, Global Pulses, EuroPages, Tendata, and Pulscen. These enterprises have listed over 8,500 products, leading to significant exports and increased interest in e-commerce.

● National Pavilion on Alibaba
A permanent national pavilion of Uzbekistan was launched on Alibaba, showcasing over 1,600 types of exportable national products from the textile, agriculture, and food industries. This pavilion is a unique opportunity for Uzbek entrepreneurs to enter the global market, as only a few countries have established national pavilions on this platform.

● Future Plans
In 2024, plans include opening sections for electrical engineering, furniture and equipment, leather shoes, national handicraft products, and sports equipment on the trading platform. Service partners of Alibaba in Tashkent and Namangan are helping exporters utilize platform opportunities, further boosting e-commerce exports.

Uzbekistan’s strategic initiatives and reforms are paving the way for robust export growth, positioning the country as a competitive player in the global market.

Boosting Uzbekistan’s Exports: Strategic Moves and Global Outreach

In line with Cabinet of Ministers Decision No. 167 (March 30, 2021), Uzbekistan has implemented partial reimbursement for foreign expenses related to opening and maintaining trading houses, renting office, trade, and warehouse buildings, and organizing advertising campaigns. To be included in the register of organizations abroad, legal entities must have at least 51% participation from the exporting organization or a share in their charter fund.

● Promoting “Made in Uzbekistan”
The “Made in Uzbekistan” project launched on BBC World News aims to showcase the export potential of Uzbekistan’s agricultural and textile industries. From April 24 to June 24, 2023, a promotional video under the slogan “Sunshine as a Compliment” was broadcast to over 150 countries.

To support local producers, the number of enterprises growing and processing fruit and vegetable products will increase to 59 by the end of 2023, with 116 enterprises receiving 9.7 billion soums in funding. By mid-2024, 24 international and European standards worth 1.9 billion soums will be financed for 13 enterprises.

● Comprehensive Export Assistance
The Export Promotion Agency provides financial assistance to cover expenses abroad for opening and maintaining trading houses, renting office, trade, and warehouse buildings, and organizing advertising campaigns. This information is disseminated through social networks and mass media to constantly exporting enterprises.

Summary

Uzbekistan’s systematic efforts in export development are yielding significant results. New markets foster a competitive environment, enhance the competitiveness of exporting companies, and provide greater financial stability. The strategic initiatives and global outreach projects are positioning Uzbekistan as a strong player in the international market.

在当今的全球格局中，尤其是在贸易限制不断增强的情况下，寻找新市场至关重要。这种努力对于提高居民收入、创造就业机会和增加产量十分重要。自由市场还能推动产品质量提高、成本降低、技术进步、市场改革以及融入全球生产体系。

● 贸易现状
截至今年上半年，乌兹别克斯坦已与186个国家建立了贸易关系，对外贸易额达318亿美元。仅出口就达130亿美元，同比增长5.5%。中国是乌兹别克斯坦最大的出口目的地，占18.5%，其次是俄罗斯、哈萨克斯坦、土耳其和韩国。

● 出口商数量增加
乌兹别克斯坦的出口商数量已达5682家，在过去六个月中出口了价值约87亿美元的商品和服务，其中不包括非货币黄金。这一数字比2023年同期增长了10.9%。2024年上半年对外贸易中占最大份额的是独联体国家（110亿美元）、欧亚经济联盟国家（84亿美元）、其他国家（209亿美元）和欧盟国家（31亿美元）。

● 2030年愿景：战略展望
“乌兹别克斯坦2030年 ”战略概述了提高国民经济出口潜力和增加高价值产品份额的主要任务。该计划旨在将出口额翻一番，达到450亿美元，将出口企业数量从6500家增加到15000家，将成品和半成品数量增加3.3倍。此外，还将扩大向“普惠制+ ”和其他制度下的欧洲国家出口成品和技术产品。符合国际标准的企业数量将增10倍，达到5000家。根据 “新乌兹别克斯坦——有竞争力的产品之国 ”倡议，将建立拥有50个全球知名品牌的经济特区，并支持本国品牌进入国外市场。

● 支持本地企业
为帮助本地企业进入国外市场，已制定了一份包含1426家企业的名单。2023年，其中132家企业获得了天然气和电力，103家企业获得了国际标准和证书，10家企业获得了480万美元的出口融资贷款，92亿索姆用于提高产品竞争力。因此，183家企业找到了外国合作伙伴，出口总额达1.3亿美元。此外，2185家企业参与了出口活动，出口额达7.35亿美元。

● 未来预测
到2023年底，乌兹别克斯坦的出口额（不包括特殊出口）预计将达到162亿美元，比上年增长104%。这一增长反映了乌兹别克斯坦为扩大出口市场和更深入地融入全球经济所做的战略努力。

乌兹别克斯坦的出口繁荣：主要驱动力和未来前景

在几个关键行业大幅增长的推动下，乌兹别克斯坦的出口量激增。电气工程出口额达到10亿美元，增长了26%；汽车行业出口额为6.82亿美元，增长了23%。石油和天然气行业出口5.09亿美元（增长10%），制药业出口1.3亿美元（增长95%），运输业出口16亿美元（增长8%），旅游业出口21亿美元（增长32%），信息技术出口4.87亿美元（增长 73%）。

● 地区亮点
塔什干市和花拉子模州在出口增长方面遥遥领先。塔什干的出口额达到19亿美元，增长了9%；花拉子模的出口额达到3.4亿美元，增长了24%。

● 半成品和服务
半成品出口额飙升至14.79亿美元，增长了117%，在出口结构中的份额从8.9%增至9.9%。铜和铜制品（2.88亿美元，增长117%）、面粉制品（3.76亿美元，增长131%）、金属制品（1.58亿美元，增长124%）和石油制品（1.42亿美元，增长3.4倍）的贡献显著。

服务出口也大幅增长，达到48.23亿美元，增长119%。与前一年相比，服务在出口总额中所占的份额从28%增长到32%。

● 战略目标和原材料
将战略重点放在高价值产品上的结果是原材料出口减少，出口额接近30亿美元，是前一年的79%。原材料在出口结构中的份额从27%下降到20%。

● 普惠制+制度和未来计划
乌兹别克斯坦使用“普惠制+”制度，该制度允许向欧盟优惠供应6200种商品。乌兹别克斯坦的“普惠制+”制度已延长至2027年底。2023年，有1351家企业从这一制度中受益。在标准、计量、认证、质量管理、包装、标签和咨询等方面获得支持。2024年，将向2000家企业提供实际援助，其中822家企业将采用国际标准。这一举措旨在将当地产品对欧洲市场的出口翻一番，达到10亿美元。

● 出口商注册系统 (REX)
根据欧盟的规定，出口到欧洲市场的货物现在要在出口商注册系统（REX）中注册。该系统允许在发票上申报原产地，无需签发证书，欧盟海关当局以电子方式提供优惠。目前，有 1022家乌兹别克斯坦出口商在 REX 系统登记，以享受 “普惠制+”的优惠。

乌兹别克斯坦的战略努力和改革显然已见成效，为该国的持续增长和更深入地融入全球经济奠定了基础。

乌兹别克斯坦的贸易新视野： 战略举措和未来计划

● 优惠贸易协定
乌兹别克斯坦与巴基斯坦和土耳其签订的优惠贸易协定分别于2023年3月13日和2023年7月1日生效，取消或降低了乌兹别克斯坦产品在这两个国家的进口关税。此举必将促进贸易关系，并为乌兹别克斯坦商品打开新的市场。

● 扩大果蔬出口
为进一步增加对中国、韩国和日本的果蔬产品出口，已制定了一个全面的“路线图 ”项目。该项目正在等待政府招商引资、产业发展和贸易监管委员会的批准，其中概述了相关部委和机构的任务。主要举措包括：

——确保本地企业参加国际展览和博览会；
——加强相互运输基础设施；
——将产品放到电子贸易平台上；
——加快签署相互贸易协定；
——优化出口过程中的部分运输费用补偿。

● 向欧盟出口指南
向欧盟出口水果和蔬菜产品的简化指南正在编制中。这本手册将使当地企业掌握利用普惠制+一般优惠制度的知识和技能，促进其进入欧洲市场。与欧盟制造商竞争将激励乌兹别克生产商实现生产现代化并降低成本。

● 减少壁垒和成本
乌兹别克斯坦正在努力减少进口必要原材料的关税和非关税壁垒，降低向欧盟和第三国运送出口商品的运输成本。这些措施旨在提高乌兹别克斯坦商品在国外市场的竞争力。

● 经济一体化
乌兹别克斯坦积极参与国际经济组织，融入全球经济的进程正在迅速推进。乌兹别克斯坦正在优先考虑加入世界贸易组织（WTO），以受益于自由化和减少贸易壁垒的统一贸易规则。与欧亚经济联盟（EOII）的密切合作也将扩大国内产品的出口机会，帮助本地企业适应竞争环境。

● 支持出口企业
为了使出口产品和市场多样化，乌兹别克斯坦正在促进各部委、机构、商业银行和地方政府机构之间的“横向和纵向合作”。这种协调努力支持出口组织从生产到国外消费。共和国和地区出口总部共收到出口企业的 382 项申诉，其中 255 项得到积极解决。

乌兹别克斯坦的战略举措和改革正在为出口的强劲增长铺平道路，使乌兹别克斯坦成为全球市场上具有竞争力的一员。

2023年，出口促进局的财政援助使出口额增加了24亿美元。具体成就包括：

——解决了59个周转资金贷款问题中的41个；
——批准延长11个信贷期中的6个；
——处理了87份增值税申报表中的65份；
——解决了108个不间断供电和天然气供应问题中的91个；
——解决了海关监管、检疫检验和其他领域117个问题中的52个。

● 银行支持
通过18家商业银行，向334家企业拨款2.84亿美元，用于与出口相关的贸易业务和出口前融资贷款，从而实现了3.3亿美元的出口额。

● 电子商务举措
现代在线贸易平台在寻找和开发前景广阔的国外市场方面发挥了关键作用。2023年，出口促进局向112家本地出口企业提供了42亿索姆，用于在阿里巴巴、Global Pulses、EuroPages、Tendata （滕道）和 Pulscen 等电子商务平台注册。这些企业已列出超过8500种产品，从而实现了大量出口，并提高了对电子商务的兴趣。

● 阿里巴巴国家馆
乌兹别克斯坦永久性国家馆在阿里巴巴上线，展示了1600多种纺织、农业和食品行业的出口国产品。该馆为乌兹别克斯坦企业家进入全球市场提供了一个独特的机会，因为只有少数几个国家在这一平台上建立了国家馆。

● 未来计划
2024年，计划在交易平台上开设电气工程、家具和设备、皮鞋、民族手工艺品和体育器材等展区。阿里巴巴在塔什干和纳曼干的服务合作伙伴正在帮助出口商利用平台的机会，进一步促进电子商务出口。

乌兹别克斯坦的战略举措和改革正在为出口的强劲增长铺平道路，使该国成为全球市场上具有竞争力的一员。

促进乌兹别克斯坦的出口： 战略举措与全球拓展

根据乌兹别克斯坦共和国内阁第167号决议(2021年3月30日)，乌兹别克斯坦对与开设和维持商行、租用办公楼、贸易大楼和仓库以及组织广告宣传活动有关的国外费用实行部分报销。法人实体必须有至少51%的出口组织参与或在其特许基金中占有一定份额，才能列入国外组织登记册。

● 推广“乌兹别克斯坦制造”
英国广播公司世界新闻频道推出的“乌兹别克斯坦制造 ”栏目，旨在展示乌兹别克斯坦农业和纺织业的出口潜力。从 2023年4月24日至6月24日，以 “阳光作为赞美 ”为口号的宣传视频在150多个国家播出。为支持当地生产者，到2023年底，种植和加工果蔬产品的企业增至59家，116家企业将获得97亿索姆的资助。到2024年年中，将为13家企业的24项国际和欧洲标准提供价值 19 亿索姆的资金。

● 综合出口援助
出口促进局提供财政援助，以支付在国外开设和维护贸易公司、租用办公楼、贸易大楼和仓库以及组织广告宣传活动的费用。这些信息通过社交网络和大众媒体传播给不断出口的企业。

结语

乌兹别克斯坦在出口发展方面的系统性努力正在取得显著成果。新市场营造了竞争环境，提高了出口公司的竞争力，并提供了更大的金融稳定性。战略举措和全球推广项目使乌兹别克斯坦成为国际市场的强势参与者。